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Americas Migration Brief - April 8, 2024
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Americas Migration Brief - April 8, 2024
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| Jordi Amaral |
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| Apr 8 |
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Welcome to the Americas Migration Brief! If you find this newsletter useful,
please consider sharing with a friend or colleague.
Share
Se puede acceder aquí a una versión en español del boletín traducida por
inteligencia artificial.
Consulte aqui uma versão em português do boletim traduzida por inteligência
artificial.
Pledge your support
Table of Contents
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Integration and Development
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Asylum, Protection, and Human Rights
-
Migratory Institutions and Regional and Bilateral Cooperation
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Labor Migration
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Migrants in Transit
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Borders and Enforcement
Integration and Development
🇨🇴 Colombia
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Colombia will launch a new regularization Permiso Especial de Permanencia
(Special Permanence Permit) “aimed at legal representatives or custodians of
children and adolescents who hold a Temporary Protection Permit (PPT) issued
before August 12, 2022.” (press release)
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A PLOS ONE paper “investigates the intricate relationship between Venezuelan
migration and urban growth in Colombia from 2018 to 2021… Migration had a
notable effect before the pandemic, but this influence waned afterward.”
🇺🇾 Uruguay
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“At least 5,000 people of Cuban nationality are in a situation of “migratory
limbo”: they do not enjoy refugee status in (Uruguay), and they cannot renounce
their refugee application to apply for permanent residency that would allow
them to reunite with their families,” reports El País.
🇲🇽 Mexico
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The Citizen Council of the National Migration Institute (INM) is calling for
the establishment of a temporary regularization program, reports Milenio.
🇨🇱 Chile
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A Centro de Políticas Migratorias and Espacio Público report explores the
contributions of migrants for Chile’s economic development.
-
“Migrant women work more than Chilean women, but earn less,” according to a
study cited by BioBioChile.
🇦🇼 Aruba
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An IOM report explores the impact of Venezuelan migration in Aruba, finding
high levels of interest in developing papiamento language skills and
significant economic contributions in real estate, hotels and tourism, and
medicine.
🇨🇷 Costa Rica
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“Costa Rica hosts almost 30,000 Venezuelan migrants permanently, who contribute
some 40 million dollars annually to the treasury but who face a series of
barriers to their full integration,” reports Efecto Cocuyo, citing an IOM
report.
🇧🇷 Brazil
-
Brazil’s Ministry of Health has published a technical note “with guidelines for
assistance to migrants, refugees and stateless people in the national public
health network,” reports MigraMundo.
🇺🇸 United States
-
InSight Crime debunks claims that Venezuelan gang Tren de Aragua has extended
to the US and taken part in high-profile killings in the country that have been
politicized and used to spread discriminatory, xenophobic rhetoric.
-
Expanded immigration enforcement within the US interior “reduced the likelihood
that Hispanic victims reported crimes to police and increased the victimization
of Hispanics,” according to a NBER working paper that also finds that “reduced
Hispanic reporting is the key driver of increased victimization.”
-
“Contrary to the common assumption, anti-immigrant rhetoric does not ensure
electoral success. In an upcoming report from the Immigration Lab and the
Center for Latin American and Latino Studies, we prove the moral and electoral
failure of using anti-immigrant sentiment in campaign platforms. Our data
demonstrates the falsity of the notion that being weak on immigration control
is an electoral vulnerability.” (AULA Blog)
🇨🇦 Canada
-
A CGO working paper explores decreasing public support for immigration in
Canada, finding, “subjective views regarding changes in Canada’s economic
performance are more influential than objective factors like income or status”
and that political parties play a key role in polarization around the topic.
Asylum, Protection, and Human Rights
🌎 Regional
-
“Colombia and Panama are failing to effectively protect and assist hundreds of
thousands of migrants and asylum seekers in the Darién Gap and to investigate
abuses there,” says Human Rights Watch in a press release for a report on
protection issues in the Darien.
-
“Sexual Assault of Migrants in Panama Rises to Level Rarely Seen Outside War”
(New York Times)
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La Prensa questions the use of political asylum to provide refuge to
politicians facing investigations—or even sentencing and a conviction—for
corruption. Former Panamanian president Ricardo Martinelli, who was recently
sentenced to 10 years in jail, has sought asylum in the Nicaraguan embassy,
causing tensions between the two countries.
-
The article comes amid regional controversy after Ecuador raided the Mexican
embassy to arrest former vice president Jorge Glas, who was granted asylum by
Mexico despite being convicted twice on corruption charges, reports Reuters.
“Under international law, embassies are considered the sovereign territory of
the country they represent.”
-
“Organized crime has built up a lucrative business trafficking Honduran women
for purposes of sexual exploitation in Frontera Comalapa, a Chiapas town on the
Mexico-Guatemala border, reports El Faro English in collaboration with Quinto
Elemento Lab.” (via Latin America Daily Briefing)
🇲🇽 Mexico
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“3 migrants, including 2 from Cameroon, died in a truck accident in southern
Mexico” (AP)
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“55 migrants have died in detention and custody centers run by the National
Migration Institute” in the six years of the current administration, reports
Pie de Página.
-
“Several migrants… have told Border Report they were groped, fondled and robbed
by members of Mexico’s National Guard when they attempted to cross the border
in the mountains east of San Diego.” (Border Report)
-
Kidnapping and extortion of migrants at the Tamaulipas-Texas border “has
increased notably since late 2023. Many describe this moment as the worst
period of violence they’ve seen, both in numbers and brutality,” says WOLA.
🇭🇹 Haiti
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IOM highlights Haiti’s deepening security crisis and significant protection
needs, noting, “13,000 migrants were forcibly returned to Haiti by neighboring
countries in March, 46 per cent more than the previous month.” (see AMB 3/25/24
on UNHCR’s call for international protection for Haitians)
🇩🇴 Dominican Republic
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In an open letter, Amnesty International and partners call for the Dominican
government to promote human rights and reject xenophobia and “alarming racist
practices and policies against Haitian migrants.”
🇱🇨 St. Lucia
-
OAS is working with St. Lucia on addressing gender-based and sexual violence
against migrant women and girls, particularly in the tourism sector: “Saint
Lucia’s geographic location, coupled with its booming tourism industry,
exacerbates the risks faced by women and migrant women, who often lack adequate
legal and other sorts of protections and support networks.” (press release,
report)
🇺🇸 United States
-
Two key court rulings have protected the Biden administration’s immigration
policy, maintaining the humanitarian parole policy for Cubans, Haitians,
Nicaraguans, and Venezuelans and blocking Texas’s attempts “to assert power and
enforce its own immigration policies,” according to Emerson Collective’s
Immigration Update.
-
The Biden administration has quietly rebuilt the US refugee resettlement
program—previously gutted by the Trump administration—with more than 40,000
refugees entering the US in the first five months of the fiscal year. “But as
the presidential campaign heats up, immigration advocates fear that the gains
will be wiped out if former President Donald J. Trump is elected. The former
president has vowed to suspend the program if he takes office again, just as he
did in 2017 for 120 days,” reports New York Times.
-
“Two things about our immigration debate are both true. One, America is in
danger of turning its back on the global order set by the Refugee
Convention—the commitment by the nations of the world, in the wake of the
Holocaust, to welcome victims of persecution. Two, America still loves a
refugee, A single individual is a protagonist, whose story of the horrors they
fled back home, and fear of what they might experience in the future, inspire
sympathy and identification. A large group of people traveling together? That’s
an invasion… But the world doesn’t produce refugees on a bespoke basis. It
produces them at industrial scale, as collateral damage from global upheavals,”
writes American Immigration Council’s Dara Lind at The American Prospect.
-
“The United States is more likely to respond to global forced displacement
challenges when four conditions come together. First, when there are strong
foreign policy linkages to crises that produce refugees, and the refugees
themselves are seen as part of US policy interests. Second, when there are
clear and highly visible humanitarian needs. Third, when important domestic
constituencies support action to address those pressing needs. Fourth, when
there is a strong congressional backing of presidential decisions to exert
leadership that facilitates action, says a Wilson Center report.
-
WOLA’s Adam Isacson highlights stories related to the US-Mexico border and
human rights at the Weekly Border Update, explaining that “A 24-year-old
Guatemalan woman’s fatal March 21 fall from the border wall in San Diego drew
new attention to the region’s sharply increased numbers of wall-related deaths
and injuries. Elsewhere in San Diego, a federal judge ruled that outdoor
encampments where Border Patrol makes asylum seekers wait to be processed
violate a 1997 agreement governing the treatment of children in the agency’s
custody.”
-
“Judge Orders Timely Housing for Migrant Children Waiting at Border: The
decision established that minors at open-air sites were in legal custody of the
Department of Homeland Security and thus must receive safe shelter, even if
they had not yet been formally processed.” (New York Times)
🇨🇦 Canada
-
“Immigration Minister Marc Miller has vowed Canada will not send any Ukrainians
who arrived under the Canada-Ukraine Authorization For Emergency Travel (CUAET)
home as long as the war with Russia is raging – even if their visas have
expired.” (Canada Immigration News)
-
“Haitian Montrealers have asked for a special immigration program to help
people from Haiti to escape the violence there in an open letter to both the
Quebec and Canadian governments,” reports Canada Immigration News, noting that
a family-based humanitarian program for Colombians, Haitians, and Venezuelans
established last year has already reached capacity for the 11,000 total slots.
-
“The Canadian Council for Refugees called today on the federal government to
create a national plan that addresses the growing number of refugee claimants
and ensures the right to asylum.” (FCJ Refugee Centre)
Migratory Institutions and Regional and Bilateral Cooperation
🌎 Regional
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“CARICOM leaders have been unable to sign off on the arrangements to facilitate
the free and full movement of CARICOM nationals by the end of last month as had
been hoped following their summit in Guyana earlier this year,” with
discussions still ongoing, reports Gleaner. (see AMB 3/25/24)
-
Mexico hosted a regional meeting on protection for migrants in transit and
statelessness as part of the process for the Cartagena Declaration’s 40th
anniversary (UNHCR)
🇵🇦🇨🇴 Colombia and Panama
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The foreign affairs ministers of Colombia and Panama met to discuss migration,
among other issues. (La Prensa, La Estrella de Panamá)
🇲🇽🇺🇸 United States and Mexico
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Former US president and current candidate Donald Trump said that he would not
give Mexico even “10 cents” to help halt migration if re-elected. (El País)
Labor Migration
🇪🇨 Ecuador
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Ecuador is betting on circular migration, signing an agreement with Israel and
expanding an already-existing pathway with Spain, reports El Caribe. The
agreement with Israel will send 2,000 Ecuadorian agricultural workers to the
country in its phase, eventually reaching 25,000 migrant workers. Ecuador and
Spain’s circular migration program was initially limited to agricultural
workers but now will be expanded to other sectors.
🇬🇾 Guyana
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Guyana is looking to recruit 500 Bangladeshi nurses, in addition to previous
efforts to recruit Cuban healthcare workers. (Kaieteur News)
🇺🇸 United States
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“In the upcoming years, a confluence of factors will produce an unprecedented
shortfall in the necessary supply of caregivers,” notes Brookings, arguing that
immigration can fill the demand: “The positive impacts of immigration on the
availability and quality of long-term care are well-documented, particularly as
they pertain to nursing homes.”
🇬🇹 Guatemala
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“The benefits of circular migration in Guatemala: A round-trip to the American
dream. Around 9,000 Guatemalans traveled to the United States with temporary
work contracts in one year, still a negligible number compared to the hundreds
of thousands of those detained and deported for trying to cross the border
irregularly,” says El País.
-
IOM highlights in a pair of reports Guatemalan labor migration to Mexico and to
Belize, Honduras, and Mexico. (1, 2)
🇸🇻 El Salvador
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“El Salvador is offering 5,000 “free passports” to highly skilled workers from
abroad, President Nayib Bukele announced Saturday.” (CNN)
Migrants in Transit
🌎 Regional
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“Ecuador, China, India, and Colombia are each poised to play a greater role in
shaping migration for the remainder of the decade,” says Niskanen Center.
-
IOM published a migration trends report for the last quarter of 2023.
🇨🇴 Colombia
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InSight Crime explores the role of the AGC organized crime group in Darien Gap
migration and highlights “unused migration routes,” explaining, “The AGC has
created a choke point in Acandí to maximize its revenues by ensuring that no
business operates without paying fees to the group. But Acandí is not the sole
municipality with routes through the Darién. Riosucio and Unguía, located
directly south of Acandí, are the starting points for alternative routes to
Panama.”
🇸🇻 El Salvador
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ElSalvador.com highlights the role of El Salvador as a country of transit for
migrants heading to the US. In a separate article, the outlet notes that
“60,000 “tourists” from Ecuador and 32,000 from India entered El Salvador in
2023,” arguing that entry and exit numbers do not add up and that these
migrants are using the country for transit to head north. A further article
highlights the role of corruption from officials.
🇺🇾 Uruguay
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For the first time in 14 years, more Uruguayans emigrated than newcomers
immigrated to the country in 2023, reports El Observador, noting that
emigratory intentions are higher than during Uruguay’s 2002 banking crisis.
🇵🇪 Peru
-
“Peru’s struggles with democracy and rule of law have led to a quiet but
growing trend of emigration, reports Americas Quarterly, calling for the US to
take a more active approach to the country, particularly in response to efforts
to rewrite parts of the constitution and concerns surrounding the fairness of
the upcoming 2026 elections,” I note at Latin America Daily Briefing.
Borders and Enforcement
🇲🇽 Mexico
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“Mexico will require a visa application for Peruvian nationals seeking to enter
Mexican territory, according to an announcement published in the official
gazette on Friday, amid a recent surge of migrants from the South American
country.” (Reuters)
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US “Border Patrol agents apprehended over 137,000 migrants who crossed the U.S.
southern border unlawfully in March, down from nearly 141,000 in February… It's
the first time in seven years — and the only time during the Biden
administration — that illegal crossings along the U.S.-Mexico border did not
increase from February to March,” reports CBS, highlighting the role of Mexican
enforcement efforts in halting migration and citing that “three U.S. officials
said they believe Mexico's increased actions to slow U.S.-bound migration have
played a major role in the lower number of unlawful crossings.”
🇵🇪 Peru
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Peru will place visa restrictions on most Mexican citizens, with some
exceptions. (press release)
🇻🇨 St. Vincent and the Grenadines
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St. Vincent and the Grenadines blocked a pair of charter flights from landing
in the country, believing the flights to be used by migrants in transit looking
to then move on to Central America and up to the US. The country imposed new
restrictions on Cameroon, Nepal, and Bangladesh, reports St. Vincent Times.
🇦🇷 Argentina
-
A Revista Internacional de Derechos Humanos paper explores the domestic and
international legal contexts surrounding deportation in Argentina and
implementation in practice.
Any questions or comments? Or just want to connect in general? Write me at
jordi.amaral@xxxxxxxxx. Any and all feedback is welcome!
The AMB's Weekly Briefs are made possible through a partnership with the Center
for Democracy in the Americas. You can check out their work here.
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© 2024 Jordi Amaral
Washington, DC
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