IN GAZA BLOCKADE, HUMANITARIAN ORGANIZATIONS CAN NO LONGER BE NEUTRAL
News & Commentary | By Mike Merryman-Lotze, Apr 21, 2016
Photo: AFSC / Ilona Kassissieh
Building peace
Aid organizations must speak out about the political roots of this
humanitarian crisis or risk supporting the status quo.
How would your life be affected if you didn't have electricity for at least
16 hours each day? That's the situation in Gaza where power is available for
no more than eight hours per day, and residents live with rolling power cuts
occurring on a constantly changing schedule.
Spend time with people in Gaza, and you see how they've shaped their lives
around the availability of electricity. A student in Gaza told me that she
wakes up at 3 a.m. to iron her clothes so that "the occupation doesn't
determine what I wear." A colleague told me his family decides when and how
much food they buy based on the availability of power, since eight hours of
electricity doesn't keep food cold in a refrigerator. During a recent visit
to Gaza, a friend delayed a meeting with me so that he could do laundry
while his neighborhood had power.
Power cuts don't only impact individuals. Hospitals must run on expensive
generators that drain already stretched funds, placing patients at risk.
Schools also rely on generators or go without electricity, affecting
students' learning. Water and sanitation systems can't operate properly,
creating unhealthy living conditions. And many business and most industry
cannot function, costing jobs and depressing the Gaza economy.
How did this situation develop?
Ruins in Gaza | Photo: AFSC/Ilona Kassissieh
The power crisis began in June 2006 when the Israeli military bombed the
only power plant in Gaza after the Israeli soldier Gilad Shalit was captured
by Hamas. Full repairs on the damaged power plant have never been possible
because of the Israeli blockade.
The blockade began in early 2006 with the Israeli and international boycott
of the Palestinian Authority, which began after Hamas gained a Parliamentary
majority during the elections held that year. After Shalit's capture, the
restrictions put in place after the elections were tightened.
Under the blockade, materials needed to fully repair the infrastructure
damaged during the 2006 attacks could not be imported and still cannot be
imported today. Limited repairs made to the power plant in 2006 allowed it
to continue to function, but the power system has been attacked several more
times and has steadily degraded over the past decade.
When I was in Gaza last month, I spent time with one of the key officials at
the Gaza power plant. The official noted that even if the blockade was
lifted, which would allow for full repairs to the power plant and
unrestricted imports of fuel and power, Gaza would still only have power for
eight hours per day.
Since 2006, demand for electricity has grown along with the population in
Gaza. Building a needed new water and sewage treatment plant and restarting
businesses and industry would also increase demand. And a desalination
plant, which is needed to meet needs for drinking water, wouldn't be able to
function unless there is increased power delivery.
In the best possible circumstances, it will take three to five years to
upgrade infrastructure and build systems needed to supply power in Gaza
round the clock. That time period will only grow as the siege continues and
while infrastructure continues to degrade and demand grows.
If there is no change, the reality is that Gaza is facing a sustained power
crisis for the foreseeable future and a possible complete collapse of its
power infrastructure.
There must be change.
The limits of a humanitarian response to a political crisis
Children play among rubble in Gaza. | Photo: AFSC/Ilona Kassissieh
Since 2006, AFSC has called for an end to the Gaza blockade. We've called
for action by both Israel and the international community, noting that both
bear responsibility for the disaster in Gaza.
But these calls have not resulted in change.
My visit to Gaza in early March made me rethink what can be done to
challenge the status quo in Gaza. Governments aren't the only parties with
power. Humanitarian organizations working in Gaza must begin using the power
they have to bring change.
While I made my first visit to Gaza 20 years ago, it wasn't until 2007 that
I started spending significant periods of time there. That was when I began
managing programs in Gaza and the West Bank for a large international
nongovernmental organization (NGO).
Even in 2007, those of us working on humanitarian aid programs in Palestine
were quietly discussing how aid programs in Gaza were in effect sustaining
the siege by barely staving off crises. We recognized that our programs were
band-aids that weren't addressing the roots of the problem. We understood
that our work could not improve the long-term situation because we were
implementing humanitarian responses to what was a political crisis.
We justified our work by focusing on the very real needs that we were
addressing. Without aid programs, people would go hungry, medical care would
not be provided, school services would stop, homelessness would increase,
and people would likely die. How do you stop providing aid when you know
that doing so will immediately increase suffering?
So instead of stopping programs, we spoke out. In early 2008, we released
the report "The Gaza Strip: A Humanitarian Implosion," which detailed the
impacts of the siege on Gaza and demanded change. We issued a follow-up
report one year later, and organizations have continued to call for change
since.
But all of these calls have been limited. The international NGO community
restricts what it will say based on the principle of humanitarian neutrality
- the idea that humanitarian organizations must not take sides in conflicts
or engage in controversies of a political, racial, religious, or ideological
nature.
In Israel and Palestine, this means that major aid organizations will speak
about the negative humanitarian impacts that political actions have on
people's lives, but they do not speak about the political actions at the
roots of crises.
When I managed a large project responding to forced displacement in the West
Bank, for instance, I could talk about how home demolitions hurt families
but not the Israeli government policies that forced Palestinians from their
homes.
And what's the cumulative impact of a decade-long band-aid response to the
siege in Gaza? Each band-aid project stops some immediate suffering but
maintains an unsustainable situation. One band-aid replaces another while
the wound they cover festers and rots.
A call for bold action from aid organizations
Photo: AFSC/Ilona Kassissieh
The electrical crisis in Gaza is just one example of a situation where
band-aid solutions are masking an imminent crisis. Temporary shelters, food
aid, mobile clinics, cash-for-work projects, and other programs in Gaza are
not solutions.
The truth is, the humanitarian neutrality that international NGOs cling to
as they deliver aid in the occupied Palestinian territory is not neutral. It
favors the status quo.
In a crisis caused and defined by politics there is no escaping politics.
Humanitarian actors must admit this and openly recognize how they are
sustaining injustice. The government aid they are accepting is coming from
governments that refuse to condemn, and in some cases, support the Gaza
siege. Access to Gaza and aid delivery are politicized through approval
processes that require Israeli sign off.
I don't point this out to completely reject the notion of humanitarian
neutrality. AFSC was one of the organizations that helped develop the idea.
Humanitarian neutrality guided our aid operations during World Wars I and
II, during the Chinese Revolution, and in more recent conflicts. When we
first provided assistance in Israel and Palestine in 1949, we agreed to the
U.N.'s request to work in the region with the express stipulation that we
must be allowed to provide aid to all in need, regardless of their identity.
That commitment to working with all people regardless of identity continues
to guide our work.
Humanitarian neutrality also continues to make sense as a guiding principle
in many situations of active conflict. In Syria, Yemen, and other places,
humanitarian neutrality is what allows organizations access to provide aid
to vulnerable communities. It's what provides safety to aid-givers in
violent situations where they must cross political and geographic boundaries
and where taking a political position could cost lives.
But this isn't the case in Gaza-a situation of sustained belligerent
military occupation where one side holds power over another people. Under
occupation, "neutrality" means siding with power. Recognizing all parties'
actions and responsibilities is important, but humanitarian organizations
must abandon the illusion of neutrality.
Humanitarian organizations should also carefully consider-through
conversations with people in Gaza-going on strike and refusing to implement
aid projects that sustain the status quo. This might mean placing on hold
programs in fields such as health, education, water and sanitation, housing,
and cash for work. Halting aid programs would add to immediate suffering in
Gaza, but continuing aid programs is causing long term harm.
Ten years ago, when the blockade was new, those of us managing humanitarian
work in Gaza could justify our band-aid programs by saying that we were
meeting emergency needs in a temporary situation. But after a decade, the
rot being masked by these band-aid programs can no longer be ignored.
Only change in the policies of the international community and Israel will
bring sustainable change in Gaza. A strike by humanitarian actors might
force action from governments that so far have not been willing to respond,
despite acknowledging suffering in Gaza.
A strike by humanitarian actors must also be accompanied by demands to
governments to immediately end the blockade. When governments change policy,
then programs to sustainably rebuild Gaza could resume.
I can't predict how the international community might respond to a work
stoppage by humanitarian organizations and an accompanying demand to end the
blockade, but I don't think the international community would stand by and
allow a complete breakdown in Gaza.
Taking this type of action is risky and will not come without cost, but the
current situation cannot continue. Those responding to the crisis in Gaza
must speak out not only about the humanitarian crisis in Gaza but also the
politics that are at the roots of that crisis.
It is time for radical action.
ABOUT THE AUTHOR
Mike Merryman-Lotze
Mike Merryman-Lotze is the American Friends Service Committee's
Palestine-Israel Program Director. He coordinates AFSC's Israel and
Palestine focused advocacy and policy programming, working closely with
AFSC's offices in Jerusalem, the West Bank, Gaza, and throughout the US.
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Blogs > News & Commentary
In Gaza blockade, humanitarian organizations can no longer be neutral
News & Commentary | By Mike Merryman-Lotze, Apr 21, 2016
Photo: AFSC / Ilona Kassissieh
Building peace
Aid organizations must speak out about the political roots of this
humanitarian crisis or risk supporting the status quo.
How would your life be affected if you didn't have electricity for at least
16 hours each day? That's the situation in Gaza where power is available for
no more than eight hours per day, and residents live with rolling power cuts
occurring on a constantly changing schedule.
Spend time with people in Gaza, and you see how they've shaped their lives
around the availability of electricity. A student in Gaza told me that she
wakes up at 3 a.m. to iron her clothes so that "the occupation doesn't
determine what I wear." A colleague told me his family decides when and how
much food they buy based on the availability of power, since eight hours of
electricity doesn't keep food cold in a refrigerator. During a recent visit
to Gaza, a friend delayed a meeting with me so that he could do laundry
while his neighborhood had power.
Power cuts don't only impact individuals. Hospitals must run on expensive
generators that drain already stretched funds, placing patients at risk.
Schools also rely on generators or go without electricity, affecting
students' learning. Water and sanitation systems can't operate properly,
creating unhealthy living conditions. And many business and most industry
cannot function, costing jobs and depressing the Gaza economy.
How did this situation develop?
Ruins in Gaza | Photo: AFSC/Ilona KassissiehThe power crisis began in June
2006 when the Israeli military bombed the only power plant in Gaza after the
Israeli soldier Gilad Shalit was captured by Hamas. Full repairs on the
damaged power plant have never been possible because of the Israeli
blockade.
The blockade began in early 2006 with the Israeli and international boycott
of the Palestinian Authority, which began after Hamas gained a Parliamentary
majority during the elections held that year. After Shalit's capture, the
restrictions put in place after the elections were tightened.
Under the blockade, materials needed to fully repair the infrastructure
damaged during the 2006 attacks could not be imported and still cannot be
imported today. Limited repairs made to the power plant in 2006 allowed it
to continue to function, but the power system has been attacked several more
times and has steadily degraded over the past decade.
When I was in Gaza last month, I spent time with one of the key officials at
the Gaza power plant. The official noted that even if the blockade was
lifted, which would allow for full repairs to the power plant and
unrestricted imports of fuel and power, Gaza would still only have power for
eight hours per day.
Since 2006, demand for electricity has grown along with the population in
Gaza. Building a needed new water and sewage treatment plant and restarting
businesses and industry would also increase demand. And a desalination
plant, which is needed to meet needs for drinking water, wouldn't be able to
function unless there is increased power delivery.
In the best possible circumstances, it will take three to five years to
upgrade infrastructure and build systems needed to supply power in Gaza
round the clock. That time period will only grow as the siege continues and
while infrastructure continues to degrade and demand grows.
If there is no change, the reality is that Gaza is facing a sustained power
crisis for the foreseeable future and a possible complete collapse of its
power infrastructure.
There must be change.
The limits of a humanitarian response to a political crisis
Children play among rubble in Gaza. | Photo: AFSC/Ilona Kassissieh
Since 2006, AFSC has called for an end to the Gaza blockade. We've called
for action by both Israel and the international community, noting that both
bear responsibility for the disaster in Gaza.
But these calls have not resulted in change.
My visit to Gaza in early March made me rethink what can be done to
challenge the status quo in Gaza. Governments aren't the only parties with
power. Humanitarian organizations working in Gaza must begin using the power
they have to bring change.
While I made my first visit to Gaza 20 years ago, it wasn't until 2007 that
I started spending significant periods of time there. That was when I began
managing programs in Gaza and the West Bank for a large international
nongovernmental organization (NGO).
Even in 2007, those of us working on humanitarian aid programs in Palestine
were quietly discussing how aid programs in Gaza were in effect sustaining
the siege by barely staving off crises. We recognized that our programs were
band-aids that weren't addressing the roots of the problem. We understood
that our work could not improve the long-term situation because we were
implementing humanitarian responses to what was a political crisis.
We justified our work by focusing on the very real needs that we were
addressing. Without aid programs, people would go hungry, medical care would
not be provided, school services would stop, homelessness would increase,
and people would likely die. How do you stop providing aid when you know
that doing so will immediately increase suffering?
So instead of stopping programs, we spoke out. In early 2008, we released
the report "The Gaza Strip: A Humanitarian Implosion," which detailed the
impacts of the siege on Gaza and demanded change. We issued a follow-up
report one year later, and organizations have continued to call for change
since.
But all of these calls have been limited. The international NGO community
restricts what it will say based on the principle of humanitarian neutrality
- the idea that humanitarian organizations must not take sides in conflicts
or engage in controversies of a political, racial, religious, or ideological
nature.
In Israel and Palestine, this means that major aid organizations will speak
about the negative humanitarian impacts that political actions have on
people's lives, but they do not speak about the political actions at the
roots of crises.
When I managed a large project responding to forced displacement in the West
Bank, for instance, I could talk about how home demolitions hurt families
but not the Israeli government policies that forced Palestinians from their
homes.
And what's the cumulative impact of a decade-long band-aid response to the
siege in Gaza? Each band-aid project stops some immediate suffering but
maintains an unsustainable situation. One band-aid replaces another while
the wound they cover festers and rots.
A call for bold action from aid organizations
Photo: AFSC/Ilona Kassissieh
The electrical crisis in Gaza is just one example of a situation where
band-aid solutions are masking an imminent crisis. Temporary shelters, food
aid, mobile clinics, cash-for-work projects, and other programs in Gaza are
not solutions.
The truth is, the humanitarian neutrality that international NGOs cling to
as they deliver aid in the occupied Palestinian territory is not neutral. It
favors the status quo.
In a crisis caused and defined by politics there is no escaping politics.
Humanitarian actors must admit this and openly recognize how they are
sustaining injustice. The government aid they are accepting is coming from
governments that refuse to condemn, and in some cases, support the Gaza
siege. Access to Gaza and aid delivery are politicized through approval
processes that require Israeli sign off.
I don't point this out to completely reject the notion of humanitarian
neutrality. AFSC was one of the organizations that helped develop the idea.
Humanitarian neutrality guided our aid operations during World Wars I and
II, during the Chinese Revolution, and in more recent conflicts. When we
first provided assistance in Israel and Palestine in 1949, we agreed to the
U.N.'s request to work in the region with the express stipulation that we
must be allowed to provide aid to all in need, regardless of their identity.
That commitment to working with all people regardless of identity continues
to guide our work.
Humanitarian neutrality also continues to make sense as a guiding principle
in many situations of active conflict. In Syria, Yemen, and other places,
humanitarian neutrality is what allows organizations access to provide aid
to vulnerable communities. It's what provides safety to aid-givers in
violent situations where they must cross political and geographic boundaries
and where taking a political position could cost lives.
But this isn't the case in Gaza-a situation of sustained belligerent
military occupation where one side holds power over another people. Under
occupation, "neutrality" means siding with power. Recognizing all parties'
actions and responsibilities is important, but humanitarian organizations
must abandon the illusion of neutrality.
Humanitarian organizations should also carefully consider-through
conversations with people in Gaza-going on strike and refusing to implement
aid projects that sustain the status quo. This might mean placing on hold
programs in fields such as health, education, water and sanitation, housing,
and cash for work. Halting aid programs would add to immediate suffering in
Gaza, but continuing aid programs is causing long term harm.
Ten years ago, when the blockade was new, those of us managing humanitarian
work in Gaza could justify our band-aid programs by saying that we were
meeting emergency needs in a temporary situation. But after a decade, the
rot being masked by these band-aid programs can no longer be ignored.
Only change in the policies of the international community and Israel will
bring sustainable change in Gaza. A strike by humanitarian actors might
force action from governments that so far have not been willing to respond,
despite acknowledging suffering in Gaza.
A strike by humanitarian actors must also be accompanied by demands to
governments to immediately end the blockade. When governments change policy,
then programs to sustainably rebuild Gaza could resume.
I can't predict how the international community might respond to a work
stoppage by humanitarian organizations and an accompanying demand to end the
blockade, but I don't think the international community would stand by and
allow a complete breakdown in Gaza.
Taking this type of action is risky and will not come without cost, but the
current situation cannot continue. Those responding to the crisis in Gaza
must speak out not only about the humanitarian crisis in Gaza but also the
politics that are at the roots of that crisis.
It is time for radical action.
About the Author
/content/mike-merryman-lotze/content/mike-merryman-lotze
Mike Merryman-Lotze
Mike Merryman-Lotze is the American Friends Service Committee's
Palestine-Israel Program Director. He coordinates AFSC's Israel and
Palestine focused advocacy and policy programming, working closely with
AFSC's offices in Jerusalem, the West Bank, Gaza, and throughout the US.
