https://socialistaction.org/2016/05/02/clinton-kissinger-and-the-coup-in-honduras/
Clinton, Kissinger and the coup in Honduras
/ 20 hours ago
By ANN MONTAGUE
Honduras: peasant protestsIn one of the early Democratic Party debates,
in order to inflate her credentials as Secretary of State, Hillary
Clinton threw out an off-the-cuff comment about her relationship with
Henry Kissinger: “I was very flattered when Henry Kissinger said I ran
the State Department better—better than anybody had run it in a long
time.” In 2014 when Clinton reviewed Henry Kissinger’s book, “New World
Order,” she called him a “friend” whose counsel she “relied on.”
This was all too much even for Bernie Sanders, who had refrained from
criticizing any of Clinton’s actions when she was Secretary of State.
Sanders stated that Kissinger was “no friend of mine” and launched into
describing Secretary of State Kissinger’s nefarious role in the bombing
of Cambodia. He did not use the word “war criminal,” but this was the
verdict of the International Tribunal at The Hague, and summons for his
arrest issued by judges in France and Spain are still in effect.
While Secretary of State, Kissinger oversaw the destruction of civilian
populations and the assassination and kidnapping of leaders who got in
his way.
It is well known that Clinton is a strong proponent of “regime change.”
This is an innocuous term that actually means that the U.S. has the
right to violate the sovereignty of any nation to enable the removal of
that nation’s leader. This can be done with massive military might,
creating instability in the nation, financially and militarily
supporting opposition groups, or with a wink and a nod to the nation’s
military. What many may not know is that this includes removing
popularly elected leaders. Two examples in recent history were Salvador
Allende in Chile (1973) and Manuel Zalaya in Honduras (2009).
The U.S. role in Chile
Henry Kissinger, Nixon’s Secretary of State, spoke openly about his
involvement in the coup in Chile. One of his most famous statements is
also a description of what is meant by “regime change”: “I don’t see why
we need to stand by and watch a country go communist [sic] due to the
irresponsibility of its people. The issues are much too important for
the Chilean voters to be left to decide for themselves.”
Declassified documents show that Kissinger set up a two-track plan. One
was ostensibly diplomatic and the other was a strategy of
destabilization, kidnapping, and assassination designed to provoke a
military coup. One out of every seven members of the command staff of
DINA, the notorious Chilean intelligence agency responsible for many of
the worst human rights atrocities during the Pinochet years, were
graduates of the notorious U.S. Army School of the Americas in Fort
Benning, Georgia.
Once the coup had been completed, on Sept. 11, 1973, and Augusto
Pinochet and his cohorts were in the good graces of U.S. corporations,
they turned to making fortunes for themselves from the privatization of
public services.
Honduras military overthrows Zelaya
President Manuel Zelaya was a popular leader who won election in 2006
with a coalition of unions, indigenous leaders, LGBT activists, and
women’s rights supporters. He was not a socialist but a large landowner
and a social reformer. Zelaya supported a 60% wage hike, which angered
U.S. corporations like Chiquita Brands International and the Dole Food
Company, who were concerned that the higher minimum wage would spread to
other countries in Latin America.
Zelaya put in place other liberal policies, including free education and
meals for children, subsidies to small farmers, lower interest rates,
and free electricity. As a result, Honduras saw a 10 percent decline in
poverty.
The Honduran international airport, Toncontin, is one of the most
dangerous in the world. For years prior to the coup the Honduran
authorities had discussed the possibility of converting the U.S. Air
Base at Soto Cano (also called Palmerola) into a much-needed civilian
airport. The U.S. military would be moved to another base on the
Honduran coast.
Venezuela agreed to reciprocal trading agreements to help finance the
new airport. Right-wing Hondurans protested the use of Venezuelan funds,
but after a major airline crash at Toncontin, President Zelaya announced
that they would proceed with construction at Palmerola. A couple weeks
after Zelaya had announced that the armed forces would proceed with
construction at Palmerola, the military rebelled.
The coup was carried out by Gen. Romeo Vásquez Velásquez, the head of
the of the Joint Chiefs of Staff of the Honduran military and by Gen.
Luís Prince Suazo, the head of the Air Force. Like the notorious Chilean
intelligence agency, they were trained at the Western Hemisphere
Institute for Security Cooperation (formerly called the U.S. Army School
of the Americas) at Fort Benning.
On June 28, 2009, Zelaya was overthrown by the Honduran military, who
broke into his home and kidnapped him at gunpoint. They forced him onto
a plane that flew him to Costa Rica and dumped him onto the tarmac.
According to Zelaya, an Honduran military plane flew him to Costa Rica
and stopped to refuel at Soto Cano, the Honduran air base that is home
to 600 U.S. soldiers, sailors, and airmen.
The coup was followed by months of protests by the Honduran people
against the de facto government led by Roberto Micheletti and for a
return of their president. While virtually all Latin American
governments condemned the coup and called for Zelaya’s restoration,
Secretary Clinton, who had been in Honduras a few weeks before,
immediately called for elections to bring in a new government.
Using the word “crisis,” Clinton immediately praised the Honduran
military for bringing “stability” to Honduras. She detailed some of her
actions in her book “Hard Choices,” published in 2014. Days after the
coup, she teamed up with Mexican Foreign Secretary Patricia Espinosa to
forge a response: “We strategized on a plan to restore order in Honduras
and ensure that free and fair elections could be held quickly and
legitimately, which would render the question of Zelaya moot and give
the Honduran people a chance to choose their own future.”
In regard to Chile, Kissinger, the U.S. president, and the CIA were all
on one page. But on Honduras, President Obama initially stated it was a
coup and that Zelaya should be returned. WikiLeaks also reveals that the
former U.S. Ambassador to Honduras, Hugh Llorens, sent a cable to
Clinton with the subject line, “Open and Shut: The Case Of The Honduran
Coup.” The cable said, “There is no doubt” that the coup was “illegal
and unconstitutional.”
The U.S. Embassy listed arguments by supporters of the coup to claim its
legality, and dismissed each of them, saying, “none … has any
substantive validity under the Honduran constitution.” The Embassy went
on to say that the Honduran military had no legal authority to remove
President Zelaya from office or from Honduras. They characterized the
Honduran military’s action as an “abduction” and kidnapping.
Nevertheless, Secretary of State Hillary Clinton quickly did everything
she could to help the military coup in Honduras succeed, at the same
time that it was violently cracking down on the media and the
opposition. She inferred that Zelaya was legally removed from office and
she violence baited the Honduran people who were non-violently demanding
the return of their president.
Clinton claimed that Honduras was on the verge of a civil war. The
“elections” that she helped organize for November 2009 in Honduras were
not recognized as legitimate by the rest of the region and the world.
The Organization of American States, the European Union, and the Carter
Center all refused to send observers.
Rosemary Joyce of the North American Congress on Latin America (NACLA)
said: “The election was conducted without the presence of certified
international observers that would be necessary to accept the results
even in normal times, let alone with the election conducted under a
government exercising fierce repression of the media and of free speech.
It was a ‘demonstration election.’ An election held for little other
purpose than to buff the image of an anti-democratic government.”
Yet Clinton continued to claim that the situation was merely a “crisis,”
not a coup, and that Zelaya should be replaced with hastily called
elections. The fraudulent election was financed by the National
Endowment for Democracy, known for its pro-U.S. obstructive practices in
Latin America and around the world, and the U.S. State Department.
In 2013, when Xiomara Castro, the wife of Manuel Zelaya, ran for
president, over 30 candidates of her Libre party were murdered. The
right-wing presidential candidate, Juan Orlando Hernandez, was declared
the winner, although many international observers reported evidence of
intimidation, vote buying, and other irregularities at the polls.
The Clinton e-mails
In January 2016, three batches of Secretary Clinton’s e-mails were
released. The Center For Economic and Policy Research (CEPR) has
reported that while many of the e-mails are heavily redacted, they give
a clearer picture of how Clinton handled international developments
during her tenure at the State Department.
Anne-Marie Slaughter, then Director of Policy Planning at the State
Department, sent an email to Clinton on Aug. 16, 2009, strongly urging
her to “take bold action” and to “find that [the] coup was a ‘military
coup’ under U.S. law,” a move that would have immediately triggered the
suspension of all non-humanitarian U.S. assistance to Honduras: “I got
lots of signals last week that we are losing ground in Latin America
every day the Honduras crisis continues … even our friends are beginning
to think we are not really committed to the norm of constitutional
democracy.”
Fifteen House Democrats asked the State Department to “fully acknowledge
that a military coup has taken place.” They expressed concern that
“every passing day gives Micheletti and his associates the chance to
tighten their illegitimate hold on the reins of power.”
As we know, Clinton spurned this advice, which meant that millions of
dollars of U.S. military assistance continued to flow to the military
coup. While strategizing the best way to keep Zelaya out of power,
Clinton’s e-mails mention working with Lanny Davis, a former advisor to
President Bill Clinton, who was working as a consultant for a group of
Honduran businessmen that supported the coup.
Violent aftermath of the Honduran coup
The decisions made by Clinton contributed to the enormous damage done to
Honduras since the coup. Poverty has increased, and violence has
spiraled out of control. The U.S. government has continually increased
military assistance to Honduras, despite alarming reports of killings
and human rights abuses by the military and security forces.
Honduras is the size of New Hampshire, and before the coup there were
five military bases. After the coup the number of bases has doubled; the
U.S. instituted multi-million-dollar projects to build two U.S. naval
bases. One of the bases is on Guanaja in the Bay Islands, which
destroyed a popular tourist destination that had been known as a diving
mecca for its pristine waters.
Honduras rapidly descended into a period of extreme violence after the
coup, as security forces suppressed protests. The British organization
Global Witness has released figures that show at least 109 people were
killed in Honduras between 2010 and 2015, for taking a stand against
destructive dams and mining, logging, and agricultural projects. Of the
eight victims whose cases were publicly reported in 2015, six were from
indigenous groups.
A major LGBT leader and activist with the front of resistance against
the coup was assassinated on Dec. 14, 2009. Ten days before his murder,
Walter Trochez was kidnapped, beaten, interrogated, threatened with
death, and told to cease his activism. He managed to escape after being
told they had orders to kill him. Trochez was documenting and
publicizing homophobic killings and crimes committed by forces behind
the coup. He also was documenting human rights violations committed
during anti-coup demonstrations.
Three days after his body was found, the International Gay and Lesbian
Human Rights Commission stated, “The death of Walter Trochez is the 16th
known murder in the LGBT community since the military coup. The
accelerated rate at which LGBT people have been killed in the last seven
months shows a targeted pattern of violence.” The fact that at the same
time Hillary Clinton was making sanctimonious speeches about U.S.
advocacy of LGBT human rights around the world shows the height of
hypocrisy.
Honduran feminists speak out
Hillary Clinton has built her presidential campaign around her
self-proclaimed dedication to fighting for women’s rights and her
experience as Secretary Of State. Honduran feminist artist Melissa
Cardoza has another view of Secretary Clinton’s legacy in Latin America:
“As is well known, she supported the coup d’etat in my country, which
has sunk a very worthy and bleeding land further into abject poverty,
violence and militarism.
“In Honduras, women suffer widespread gender violence as well as a
crisis of human rights abuses since the U.S.-backed 2009 coup that
ousted democratically elected Manuel Zelaya.”
Neesa Medina of the Honduran Women’s Rights Center told Telesur that the
coup has had an impact on all human rights, but particularly the rights
of women. “As a member of a feminist organization we are severely
affected by the U.S. support for militaristic policies in other
countries, which always has a negative effect on the lives of women”.
In Honduras the femicide rate increased by over 260% between 2005 and
2013. In 2014, 513 women were murdered, and in 2015 one woman was killed
every 16 hours.
Since 2009, Tegucigalpa has become known as “The Murder Capital of the
World.” Since 2009 59 journalists have been assassinated in Honduras,
with 12 journalists assassinated last year and four murdered so far in
2016 as of April.
Adding to her shame is Hillary Clinton’s stance in regard to the refugee
children who have fled Honduras and other Central American countries. In
a 2014 interview with CNN, for example, Clinton said that children
arriving in the United States should be “sent back” to their
violence-prone countries. “We have to send a clear message, just because
your child gets across the border, that doesn’t mean the child gets to
stay,” she said. Recently, however, in debate with Sanders, Clinton
backtracked from that position.
The assassination of Berta Cáceres
On March 3 of this year, two assassins broke down the back door of the
home of indigenous activist Berta Cáceres and killed her. Last year,
Cáceres was given the prestigious Goldman Environmental Prize for her
10-year fight against the Agua Zarca Dam, a project planned along the
river sacred to the indigenous Lenca people. She led the struggle
against Canadian and U.S. corporations for promoting development that
the people considered threats to their very existence because they
eliminated access to the rivers, forests, and mountain environments
critical for agriculture, food, and water.
Cáceres and Gustavo Castro cofounded the Civic Council of Popular and
Indigenous Organizations of Honduras (COPINH). They led the movement
that was pressuring the Honduran government to ratify a law that
requires the free, prior and informed consent of indigenous communities
before projects can proceed on their land.
Recently, thousands of people converged on Tegucigalpa, the Honduran
capital, in a massive mobilization to demand justice for Berta and an
end to repression and government support for corporate interests. All
around Tegucigalpa, her face has been spray-painted next to the words,
“Berta did not die. She multiplied.”
A week after the death of Berta Cáceres, another member of COPINH,
Nelson Garcia, was shot to death. Before he was murdered, Garcia was at
the site of the Rio Chiquito eviction, where Honduran police and
military were violently forcing the community out by destroying homes
and crops. Garcia went to his mother-in-law’s home, where two gunmen
were waiting for him and shot him dead.
The following week, the Dutch development Bank FMO and the Finnish
development bank Finnfund said they would suspend funding of the Agua
Zarca Dam. In a statement FMO said it was “shocked” by the deaths and
would halt all activities in Honduras.
Berta’s daughter, Bertha Zuniga Carceres, came to the United States to
demand an international investigation of the recent deaths. She was also
concerned that “since the coup hundreds of concessions were given for
hydroelectric exploitation, for mining.” She pointed out that a number
of projects aimed at dispossessing the population have been established,
including “model cities” to house people who were displaced.
“So, we are actually experiencing the results of the coup d’état now
with the establishment of a whole series of projects that are
strengthening an economic model that represents the pillage of the
common goods of nature.”
COPINH states that more than 300 hydroelectric dams are planned for
Honduras, of which 49 are on COPINH lands. In addition, 872 contracts
have been handed out to corporations for mining alone. The majority of
these are planned for indigenous lands.
Brigitte Gynther of the Washington-based School of the Americas Watch
told Telesur, “The U.S. is essentially financing this repression.”
At the same time, colleagues and relatives of Cáceres in Honduras have
raised questions about the role of Honduran soldiers and police in her
March 3 death. They cite what they call a pattern of intimidation and
abuse by security forces, including a national police unit called Los
Tigres, which was set up by U.S. Special Forces soldiers over the past
two years and receives funding and training from the United States.
Before she died, Cáceres warned U.S. visitors about Los Tigres,
describing the unit as a “repressive” force in her region of western
Honduras.
Secretary Clinton enabled the coup with a wink and a nod to the military
by supporting fraudulent elections and by avoiding the word “coup,”
which ensured that U.S. military aid would continue to flow to the
murderous regime. According to Foreign Policy In Focus, the U.S. gave
$37 million in direct aid to the Honduran military and security forces
from the date of the coup through 2013. But equally culpable are all
Democrats. During the current presidential campaign no one, including
Bernie Sanders, has said a word about the ongoing human rights crisis in
Honduras and U.S. culpability.
Dan Beeton, international communications director for the Center for
Economic and Policy Research, told AlterNet that the “Obama
administration is loathe to put any pressure on the Honduran government.
I would say, worse than that, they are pretending there is not a
problem. It’s hard to understate Clinton’s actions in Honduras. Clinton
needs to answer why she did this and why they thought this was a good idea.”
Clinton still refuses to answer any questions about her role in
Honduras. The newly issued paperback edition of her book has been wiped
clean of the sections on Honduras that appeared in the first edition.
Nevertheless, the murderous outcome of her actions in 2009 cannot be
erased from the memories of the Honduran people.
Photo: Honduran police arrest peasant leaders from the district of Bajo
Aguán at a protest in Tegucigalpa. The peasants were protesting the
takeover of their land for big World Bank-funded palm oil plantations.
Palm oil is exported to Europe for use as bio-fuel. AFP / Getty Images.
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May 2, 2016 in Anti-War, Elections, International, Latin America, Latino
Civil Liberties, Uncategorized, Women's Liberation. Tags: Berta Caceres,
Clinton, Honduras, Kissinger, Zelaya
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