I have been reading through some of the administrative circulars here in the Government department where I work. I was struck by how much they use 'should' and, to a lesser extent, 'would'. Typically, you find phrases like 'Staff should follow this procedure when ...' or 'I would like to remind staff of the importance of keeping accurate records of meetings'. Why not just write 'Follow this procedure when...' and 'Keep accurate records of meetings', or maybe 'Remember to keep accurate records of meetings'? I was tempted to formulate a rule "avoid 'should' and 'would' in technical writing", but realised that there are a few cases (really very few, I'd say) when I would [yes, I'm doing it now myself] regard it as OK. Still, I wondered why so much is written about avoiding passives, and when not to use the future tense, but no-one seems to point to the deadening effect of strings of 'shoulds' and hypotheticals. Even a sentence like 'If your user name were jsmith, your personal site's URL would be http://mysite.com/personal/jsmith/default.aspx' probably reads better (at least, in my view) as 'For a user name jsmith, the personal site's URL is http://mysite.com/personal/jsmith/default.aspx '. (On the other hand, I don't think the sentence 'Edit the information as you would in a Microsoft Word document' needs changing.) Does anyone know of any usage guide that addresses this topic? I looked in 'Read Me First', but couldn't see anything. And can anyone suggest other good examples where 'would' and 'should' are OK - in other words, examples that go against my proposed rule? Maybe I can reformulate it as a 'rule with some exceptions' - something linguists would probably feel fine about but which my mathematical background makes me definitely reluctant to accept! Howard