De : Guy Crequie [mailto:guy.crequie@xxxxxxxxx] Envoyé : dimanche 1 février 2015 14:58 Objet : TR: contribution philosophique ! Importance : Haute Bonjour, Vous trouverez la contribution relative à « enjeux philosophiques et le XXI e siècle « que jai adressé pour le congrès CIUPHI III (congrès des auteurs et artistes de langue castillane ) lequel sest tenu du 7 au 12 juillet 2014 dans la ville hollywoodienne de Los Angeles Los Angeles. Compte tenu de sa longueur, afin d éviter trop de contre sens de traduction, je lai pré traduite uniquement en langue anglaise. Cependant si intéressés, je peux vous adresser une version pré traduite en langue castillane. Dépositaire du Copyright, SVP, si vous désirez publier cette contribution sur votre blog, un ouvrage collectif dauteurs ou votre revue = SVP, men aviser obligatoirement. ; Bonne lecture. Cordialement. Guy CREQUIE Hello, You will find the contribution relative to philosophical challenges and the XXI E century which I addressed for the congress CIUPHI III (congress of the authors and artists of language Castilian) which was held from July 7th to July 12th, 2014 in the Hollywood city of Los Angeles Los Angeles. Taking into account his length, in order to avoid too much of against direction of translation, I pre translated it only into English language. However if interested, I can address to you a pre version translated into language Castilian. Agent of Copyright, PLEASE, if you wish to publish this contribution on your blog, a collective work authors or your review = PLEASE, me to warn about it obligatorily. ; Good reading. Cordially. Guy CREQUIE Philosophy today it philosophy tomorrow = with the service of the people, appropriable by them? CONGERS CUPHI III LOS ANGELES - on July 12th, 2014 CONTRIBUTION OF GUY CREQUIE This day, it was asked to me to speak to you about philosophy, but I specify continuation which I want to avoid a misunderstanding. There is not a side, a masterly smoothie, a teacher who theorizes certainly starting from an adapted philosophical language, which has its rules. However, like indicated it DIDEROT: hasten we to make philosophy popular. Everyone can intervene on the human problems on condition that respecting a deontology of principles of it and to speak philosophy, it is also to live like philosopher, it is a practice like pointed out it GRAMSCI. A philosopher is not necessarily that which writes a work, creates a system. SOCRATE is according to HEGEL: a true philosopher precisely: because he lived his doctrines instead of writing it. The philosopher ALAIN and his chronicles concerned the same approach. To Be philosophical said SOCRATE does not consist in knowing much of things but with being temperate person. It is only by deviation, and since, that philosophy became a trade, a form of teaching remunerated that the concept of philosopher lost his significance originating in exemplary type of satisfied researcher, supported by its only vocation. Since Then, there are no more philosophers notices HEGEL but philosophies, systems of thought. A Long Time, the philosophers recapitulated the knowledge of their time. Much was at the same time: scientists, herbalists, poets of the philosophers At Present with the extraordinary development of sciences and technology, the other autonomous disciplines do not need will have of the philosopher for their work. On the other hand, for the popularization of their discoveries and its relationships to the conscience, ethics, morals, philosophy if it is not a science as such = thus intervenes on the knowledge established apart from it; it has a critical function and of comparison which is essential, it is made to function. The ambiguity of the ancient concept SOPHIA (Research of wisdom) which evokes at the same time a knowledge of the truth and a practice of morals, caused two interpretations of philosophy: it first which goes back to the Ionian physicists (Life century before J.C) develops at HEGEL and in Anglo-Saxon positivism, and primarily conceives philosophy like a rational knowledge, a search for intelligibility. it second which recommends SOCRATE, of KANT, modern existentialism, regards philosophy as a moral research, that of our destinations true and like a training of the virtue. However, if it is true that there can be philosophers who did not write philosophy like SOCRATE or your modest servant, the concept of philosopher does not imply of it less the development of a rational knowledge, of a system of thought. I spoke about the philosopher ALAIN, it is a philosopher because it was an essay writer; the philosophy of ALAIN corresponds to the whole of his ideas put in system. One speaks contrary to philosophy about KANT, HEGEL, SARTRE, HEIDDEGER. Philosophy is thus by vocation an attempt at coherent explanation of reality. I know that the main part of the present here are not specialists in philosophy; this is why, I try not to use a too complicated language. Today, for example with globalization of the exchanges, the images, of the signs, or all goes quickly, too sometimes all is dense, to control its discipline while having the fast ability of an autonomy of thought becomes necessary and from this point of view I admire for example our friend Ernesto KAHAN, which, in my opinion, precedes in this 21st century what will have to be at the 22nd century, a complete intellectual of our time at the same time: scientist, poet and philosopher. To the rhythm of our current contingencies, one can put the question: that to make in the world or what to make in this world: challenge? The importance is the lived dimension of philosophy what returns us to the debates between SARTRE and MERLEAU-PONTY. Indeed, nourished concepts without that not presenting any incidence on our lives seems to reduce philosophy to a pure speculative play, with the simple expression of a virtuosity. As SENEQUE indicated it: see whether it is in the philosophical science or in practice even of the life that you progressed. If philosophy described but does not prescribe anything, it is a concern! Philosophy is an attitude in the world, not an abstention. The base of the philosophical life constitutes also this search for a transformation of oneself, capable to grow us while enabling us to forge this existence conscious of itself, as coherent as possible, aiming at the independent and creative control in the ways which it forges, of adventurers of the concept, intensely presents to itself and the others. It remains certainly attentive and works about it on the study thousand-year-old of the philosophical classes but connected on the social practices of the knowledge and to the report of our thought and our shares to the facts, people and the things. If my expression is difficult for you, it is it for me also, philosophical popularization remains nowadays and alas, a complicated exercise this, whereas one day, in another century, comes the moment when there will not require more for philosopher of trade, this if philosophy is regarded as a discipline of moral training, including as of the school system and this for all the disciplines including scientists. Then, with what is philosophy used for the XXI è century? Its interpellations, challenges, challenges to be solved? WITH WHAT PHILOSOPHY IS USED FOR the XXI è century: SOME NONEXHAUSTIVE REFLECTIONS. Is the philosophical study with the present stage of globalization still a help to decipher the present and to better consider the future? Is it reserved for the elites in the philosophical pulpits or can it enlightened the consciences citizens? Our post-modern world became complex, subtle and opaque. Our world in spite of the media short cuts, the political short phrases generally in the short run, resists our analyses and requires a new theoretical attitude more patient less filled up certainty. Time increasingly faster became a decisive challenge in our advanced companies and developing with a frantic rate. The challenge which the company with the theorists poses is more to seek in its virtuality, its forms of exclusion, its risks, its opportunities, its dissimulations, in its presentation of itself in short in its metaphysics. The company is invisible not with the direction where it disappears under our eyes or which it became virtual but rather because a variation remains between what is and what one sees. Instead of being simple and direct, the causes of the phenomena appear in their dissimulation this is why they oblige us with prudence, patience and a new opening. With the Middle Ages, at the time of the thought scholastic, the peasant had the horizon of the castle of his lord who required of him but protected it; today with a button supported on the TV or a click on a social network, one can be transported at the end of the world, to discover or read there, images and some remarks which widen at the same time and disconcert our conscience. Spaces far from being separate and Nets seem to be touched, interpenetrate and merge with the infinite horizon. If the territories of formerly intermingle today, that exceeds the framework of the market of the exchanges but our spirits are disturbed; this because mobility and speed scramble the borders and that the concept of limit tends to be lost in projected or dispersed realities. One wonders at present about the local, regional territory . But also on other subjects: to prolong the life, to rejuvenate, change its physique; science knows considerable upheavals. When one thinks of the disappearance of the borders, with the creation of union or zones of country or regions, one thinks of the loss of landmarks traditional, one notes of this fact the end of the traditional policy accomplished within the framework of an immutable modern state which operated starting from dialectical metaphysics defined by classified oppositions: friend - enemy; inside-outside; private-public ...... The current world is the business of cultures; some speak even about subcultures living in obliged interactions, undergone and of new forms of living together appear. It the time ago of the cultural minorities identified, classified, gathered often alas not to say parked, regarded more as one embarrassment than like a wealth. Nowadays, the multitude of mixings leads many our contemporaries to think that not recognized invisible networks because as such revolve in our present and our representation of the social one. In this world delimited by our jurisdiction, the State, space becomes however obscure and failing to clearly identify the causes which is often abstractions it is the fact of the purse, of the credit rating agencies, globalization, OPEC, the dollar ..... the fear settles and the other, the foreigner, becomes a danger. However, whereas globalization would require hospitality, the fears cause difficulties of the food together! To Accept the surprise, to say yes to what changes such unceasingly are the challenges of our increasingly liberal and fluid companies. Of this, it affects there the political life, on the relation between science and philosophy. It becomes increasingly difficult for our governments to have a vision with a future, to anticipate. We should reinvent our reality as much as the language and the practice of the power. This One must have less propensity for control, and accept that the power is distributed differently. After the First World War, Europe lost its row of first planetary civilization and its political primacy tracked by the surge of cultures concerned only to spare a territory, philosophy forgot its vocation of it to conquer the universality of rational on the ways of the critical thought. The philosophy of the XXI è century does not have it to recall that since ISAIE, the spirit is called the intelligence. That of conquests of the intelligence and it only as PLATON indicated it. The passage of the electric current from 110 to 220 volts the shortly after the Release has upsets the automation of the domestic equipment but did not change the nature of electricity. The belief according to which the qualitative one is born from quantitative requires a psychological reflection of a new type; this because the murder multiplied per a hundred and thousand in the gas chambers and well more still that it would be it by the nuclear armament of planet if it changes the consequences them of number, does not change. more the nature of the animality not more than one million volts does not change the nature of the current of 110 volts. If science progresses to step of giant, and of which the use in the direction of human progress or its opposite depend on our relation and design with the petrol of our humanity. If any science is guided by the logic which precedes it and the celandine what makes say that the assumption precedes the experiment. It is thus necessary to think, work out, reflect, conceptualize, be the adventurers of the concept. The biogenetic one showed that the chromosomal capital of the man is that of the chimpanzee in proportion to 98%. The range copernician of this discovery to the infinite consequences was by no means perceived by the world elites of knowledge. Do the possession of the language of the men, their capacity to be conceived, create exempt them need for a philosophy of the existence? The presupposed religious one according to which the man would be a trans being - zoological in his petrol, and would trail only some unfortunate after-effects of its animal origins under the reason which its wings of angel took recently the name of ideals; and that the myth of the redemption was skilfully related to the baptismal font of the democracy and a theology of the human rights is an out-of-date assumption. As well as that of the intelligent stars in Timée of PLATO or of the piloting of the Trojan War by the gods in HOMERE or of the dove, which according to KANT, if there were not the vacuum would fly much better. Science progresses to great steps. The search for planets apart from the solar system continues: example, 400 planets were discovered in 2010. The concept of life cosmic develops since bacteria were found with 41 kms in stratosphere having comets for supposed origin. The human genome can be sequence. He was completely deciphered so that we are now know our molecular identity in detail. More half of our DNA is made viral sequences and these bits of DNA inform of the possible hazards of disease and could make it possible to detect a future trend. Certain researchers estimate that with a good hygiene of life and a judicious consumption of vitamin C, that our psychobiological constitution and physics would enable us to live up to 120 years. Some manage to elude the reality of death, or to be afraid of it. However, MONTAIGNE said it: to philosophize is to learn how to die. GOETHE wrote for its part: those which do not have the hope of another life already died in this one. Thus, to look at death opposite and to accept it like integral part of this life, it is to widen this life. The world has need for reflection philosophical including at the university, in the scientific sectors this, because in his writings Direction and Origin of the history the philosopher Karl JASPERS had already noted 4 moments when the human being knew deep transformations of its lifestyles and thought: turning it of the Neolithic Era, it constitution of the great ancient empires (first millenium of our era, large currents of wisdom) it current period; that of post modernity which focusses on the disenchantment. To Nourish the planet, increasingly more, under sanitary arrangements respecting the populations is a challenge, this whereas so many business défraient the chronicle of it! The researcher P. RABHI with his concept of agro-ecology put forward that our industrial modes of production in agriculture with the chemical fertilizers, the nitrates, fungicides and pesticides, exaggerated deforestation short all this exhausts the grounds, reduced the environment, disturbs our harmonious relationship to nature, destroyed the insects, birds etc useful for the reproduction of nature. Then from Ci, beyond, from the innovations are born in India, in Brazil, in Chile, in Egypt . In Fact concepts include strictly biological practices and concepts authorizing the use with minima of certain chemical products considered little or not harmful it human being and nature. An agriculture based on a comprehensive approach which protects the environment but rests on the recognition of the traditional know-how of the promotion of human which works the ground. The improvement of the means of subsistence of the smallholders and the safeguarding of the ecosystems slow down the tendency to urbanisation, contribute to rural development and leave with the following generation the means of meeting its own needs. The drama of our time like wrote the philosopher Jacques Ellul is that we align ourselves on technologies which we create. We have the obsession of the change at all costs, always more quickly, and further. We will run after progress. We are dominated by our creations: like the market or the purse. We are not any more as wrote it KANT the legislators of our own life. In connection with the purse and technology, certain researchers speak even about determinism. Edgar Morin, philosophical, sociologist expressed some pages of great range during an interview of David SOLON for TERRAECO. We are in one time when the chronology was essential. In old times, you gave each other appointment when the sun was with the zenith. In Brazil, in cities like Belem, still today, one finds oneself after the rain. In these diagrams, the relations are established according to a rhythm stressed by the sun. But the wrist watch, for example, made that an abstract time replaced natural time. And the system of competition and competition, that of our commercial and capitalist economy, makes that for competition, the best performance is that which allows the greatest speed. The competition was thus transformed into competitiveness, which is a perversion of competition. We are prisoners of the ideas of profitability, productivity and competitiveness, concepts exacerbated by globalized competition, in the companies, then widespread elsewhere. Idem in the school and university world! The relation between the Master and the pupil requires a report much more personal than the only concepts of output and results. Moreover, calculation accelerates all that. We live a time when it is privileged for all. As well for all to know as for all to control. The surveys which anticipate one year the elections take part of the same phenomenon. One is able from there to confuse them with the announcement of the result. One thus tries to remove the effect of surprised always possible. We entered a deep crisis without knowing what goes in leaving there. Forces of resistance appear. The social economy and interdependent is one. If one observes a push towards the organic farming with the small ones and medium-sized holdings and a return to farm agriculture, it is because most of the opinion starts to understand that the chickens and of the industrialized pigs are adulterated and denature the grounds and the water table. A search towards the artisanal products, Amaps (Associations for the maintenance of a country agriculture) indicates that we wish to escape large surfaces which, themselves, put pressure of the minimum price on the producer and try to reflect a maximum price on the consumer. The equitable trade also tries to short-circuit the predatory intermediaries. Admittedly, capitalism triumphs in certain parts of the world, but another fringe sees being born from the reactions which do not come only from the new forms of productions, but from the union conscious of the consumers. This unemployed force weak because of being dispersed. If this force becomes aware of the products of quality and the harmful products, surface, an incredible compressive force will be set up and will make it possible to influence the production. If we do not obtain a solid philosophy of the existence: we are threatened by two forms of cruelty: that founded on the human contempt which comes from the bottom from the history and the second, cold, frozen, based on calculation and the profit. These two cruelties are combined and we have to fight them on these two faces. Then if the catastrophe appears probable it is the improbable one that the hope and the transformations emerge. Many scientists, prophets, philosophers, politicians who emerged in the history to one moment given were improbable, of Buddha with Jesus, Mahomet; of DESCARTES with GALILEO, Marx with De Gaulle, Churchill etc . Philosophy can be this rebirth to live together this formula of the good food, WELL VIVIR of the president of Ecuador Rafael Correa then recovery by the Bolivian president E. MORALS. It means a human blooming not only within the company but also of nature. But for that, it is necessary to suppress the things like the international speculation, exaggerated nationalism and religious fanaticism, the warlike will, the power whose nuclear power is the symbol. This whereas we are confronted with the ideological bludgeoning of the ideologies of legitimation on all the TV, radios, newspapers, everyone speaks the same language that of the arrogant way of thinking Western which estimates the indisputable reference of the world and this, in the name of the democracy, which is generally formal and has nothing any more to see with the Athenian democracy. I take the example of the situation in Ukraine. Admittedly far from me the idea to glorify Russian president Wladimir PUTIN which has expeditious authoritative decisions and which has the nostalgia of large Russia tsarist, which attacks individual freedoms and collective in Russia. However, all the Western mediums and the Western diplomacy broke out against PUTIN which however has historical links with the Ukraine and ensured him of financial aids. A dialog closes but complete could have integrated the decisive role that Russia can hold in the Syrian conflict with the massacres which continue, to request it and recognize its contribution and to seek a solution balanced just and human in Ukraine by the dialog. However, the regular arrival and increasingly more djihadists in Syria coming including Western countries will make weigh on these countries at the time of the return of the survivors of Syria, the risks of terrorist attacks and thus of danger against the democracy. However the short-term carried it with stinks of cold war on both sides, with European side the priority concern to rejoin the Ukraine to the U.E and the Western camp in NATO. Do I come to the role and the challenges from philosophy to the XXI è century? Previously, some precise details: as the neurobiologist Herve CHNEIWEISS in N° 2565 of the weekly magazine Nouvel Observateur expressed it in January 2014: extracts: ..... But what intelligence? It is not a question of making more quickly or in a more massive way, but of developing a certain creativity, of adapting to an environment whose rules change. The prophets of the singularity regard our brain as a hard drive. But it is not parce one can manufacture a hard super-disc that it will understand the bonds with others, the love affairs, family the technological performance will never replace what makes direction for the man. ..... Our elites are formed with the economy, the administration, finance. They do not know large-thing with the scientific questions, even less with biology. The stem cells, the DNA all that is a little apart from their field of conscience. For them, that does not exist or worse, that appears dangerous to them. ..... However, never let us forget that our body is not a mechanical assembly. One moment ago when you change the parts in vain, as for a car, the carcass makes its time. The biological time limitation was selected by the evolution. Our death is programmed, and one is very far from deciphering the complex biological mechanisms which order this active death and further still knowing the costs or the side-effects (sensitivity to the suffering, new diseases ) who would be induced while trying to block them. The man is changing at a speed which does not have anything any more to see with the Darwinian evolution. The setting in philosophical prospect for our relation to the facts of the human life in its evolution from the point of view of the psychological, social and cultural consequences cannot elude certain reports. The human current ones - on average and in a way fulgurating at the level of biological times - became larger and more obese; they live much older; the age of puberty drops, especially for the girls, whereas everywhere the sperm of the boys contains almost twice less spermatozoïdes that forty years ago; these same boys know a reduction in . Their ano-genital distance, that which separates the anus from the posterior base of the purses and constitutes an index of feminization - just like the concomitant fall of the testosterone rate, that attest of many studies; through living inside and of to contemplate that close screens as remote horizons, the proportion of short-sighted explodes. Our intestinal flora changes with the liking of new food returning to us inapt to digest the old ones - while multiplying the allergies. These upheavals occur at a frightening speed. Even if we evolved little it becomes impossible to support that the modern man did not change since the Neolithic era. However the natural selection completely did not disappear and not made resistance little. One sees it with certain diseases, of which the paludism, which kills out of the million children before the age of the reproduction - and prevents them from perpetuating their possible factors of vulnerability with respect to the parasite. And the fact of eating foods increasingly softer, chopped in advance, reduced the role of the masticatory apparatus, which is reduced - and posed problem with the wisdom teeth become useless. But one has to admit that we are less and less children of Darwin and that other factors of change are with work - by manners, medicine, the food and especially . Purchasing power: the man is henceforth under the influence of things which rise from him. They are factors which, for several, are potentially reversible: thus, the lengthening of the life expectancy, crossed with the economic crisis, he is likely not to last - and, while waiting to concretize itself by a profit in years of disease. Certain statistics of the INSERM already note, for France, that the life expectancy without chronic disease is in reduction. I know that on your continent are what is called the cultural minorities: Indians, autochtones, indo-American and these names often have a pejorative connotation, this, whereas these autochtones is in the history, those which contributed to work the civilization. Thus, Claude LEVI-STRAUSS showed that the mental processes implied in mythology, the ritual ones and the religious symbolism of the most various people of planet do not differ of anything of those turn with fact remarkable and suitable for the imagination and the science which intervene in the construction for example of contemporary astronomy. It is true that our scientific knowledge is based on the analysis and the experimentation systematic but basically the implied creative thought is similar to that which is with work in the myths and the ideas of the simplest people. Then, in this world of the immediacy of the media images and comments shortened to influence the public opinions, is philosophy broken down or has it reaches its plenitude since the medium of the XX è century or has it still to say to us? Admittedly, If the existence is closely related on the time which passes and the history (what tell us for example: SARTRE, JASPERS, BLOCH) i.e. a certain continuity of the human companies. Thus SARTRE indicated that the existence is a company. However, happiness lies at the same time in a certain independence with regard to the time which passes. Jean-Jacques Rousseau knows the highest pleasure, when motionless in a boat on the Lake Bienne, it perceives only the pure one realised and is understood independent of all the movements of time: it tests like a kind of timelessness, of eternity . This company which supports richest, which knows many corruptions, of lies of State, of diversions of money and abuse of power, is eternal? Philosophers like PLATO, SPINOZA, JASPERS, RICOEUR, propose to us the conversion of the spirit like precondition to any search of happiness, freedom and human emancipation. The memory of the times spent, considered better, does not constitute the regret of a loss, it constitutes a task. It is an anticipation which is caught for a memory. The time of the achievement is the present itself. According To SCHOPENHAUER, only the present exists and what for SARTRE characterizes the conscience, it is the presence with oneself which is also the presence in the world and the present itself. The present is the conscience of the power to exist. The whole is to define the way which carries out towards the progress and the respect of the dignity of the life, of any human life but also: animal, vegetable, mineral . Philosophy can it add its contribution so that the moment is creator like explained it the scientist Gaston Bachelard in his book the intuition of the present. But waiting of a better world, to become the moment even of the history like mentioned it Ernst Bloch in the principle hope is based on the research of plenitude and the harmony, as well as of progress of the culture, that this progress and of the institutional revolutions, the messianisms and the millenarianism, was only the first still mythological formulation of this spirit of the Utopia and this existential and political waiting. But so that waiting can be happy, fertilizes, glorifiante, it is necessary that it is at one time or with another, filled by the existence of the lived experiment and philosophy must work to clarify the consciences. Without this achievement, waiting becomes mystification which causes violence, discouragement or which causes despotisms. From this point of view, in Europe, many disabused people, discouraged by the policy forget the past and can rely on the ideologies reactionaries. Waiting must be preceded by a preparatory work of the consciences. It is what recognize of the political thinkers of freedom like: MACHIAVEL, SAINT-JUST, MARX, JAURES and of the philosophers of the action like Ernst Bloch or Jean Paul SARTRE. Waiting can be passive, resigned or canted; it must be the result of a dynamic and constructive process. The challenge of philosophy to the XXI è century is not any more to pay attention to the only doctrines, but with the experiments which found them then validate them. The philosopher must clarify the existence like says it JASPERS and not to replace it by claim or sufficiency. The praxis remains the authority of the relation between thought and to make. They are the people who make the History but enlightened by a conscience guided by contemporary humanism. Let Us Take concrete files to reflect and apprehend a vision of the future human the, carrying ones direction for lived of the future generations: this, because philosophy it is the implementation of the criterion of the significant experiment criticized by the thought and validated by the practice. It arrives to us coming from academics Anglo-Saxon what is called the theory of the kind: Thus, according to this one, it would be necessary to differentiate the biological sex and the sexual identity, and especially: to abolish all the othernesses related to the kind. However, this variously appreciated theory does not have any scientific and academic validity. On the other hand, with presumedly natural female marked like nature lower than that male by certain currents of thought, such determinisms alas result from social constructions, of representations incorporated by individuals in stereotypes as of childhood! However, inequalities: immutable, are thus not founded by principle, nor natural by different psychobiological constitution between the women and the men! Then, in connection with other sociétaux debates: Procreation medically assisted, Gestation for others, marriage for all, euthanasia, etc Their partisans = have arguments to hear, but often: it is the idea of human progress which is developed! However, which there is the curious one, even of abnormal and even of irrational, in the use of this idea of progress, it is that the term progress is never defined. It is accommodated like a kind of dogma, which however supposes the tacit acceptance of a quite precise equivalence: that between progression of the humanity and extension of freedoms of the individual, designed like able and autonomous without collective social rules. In this implicit definition of progress, no other criterion seems to be taken into account; except: the possibility for an individual of doing what he wants of what belongs to him, including its life. Within this framework, it becomes comprehensible then that the liberalization of the abortion, the marriage for all, procreation medically assisted, gestation for others, the euthanasia, and all the other possibilities increasing the alleged freedom of the individuals, are identified with progress and thus with a good. And that the speech that is opposed to it is associated with an evil to avoid. And Yet, it would be necessary to wonder whether it is good to think that the freedom of self-determination of an individual represents a good to be continued at all costs, and if it is right to identify that with the true progress towards which the company should move. Moreover, there would be a contradiction between fields: or the person would decide only and freely, and others, where the collective constraints, the imposed social norms withdraw all to him to be able: Thus which power have an individual to refuse the tax pressure which is imposed to him, to station on a site prohibited without risk of penalty, which individual power for example in Europe a citizen does it does lay out to refuse an European directive imposed in a State? . Indeed, as it is true that all that shines, is not but, in the case which occupies us here, the association of progress and freedom of self-determination is also likely to shine without being worth the gold which she promises. The weak point of this position lies - me seem-T-it - in contradictions which it raises when it is confronted, for example, with the most vulnerable lives. In Sad Tropics: Claude LEVI STRAUSS, pointed out that the evolution of the company leaves the principle of prohibition of incest, that to leave its social group is the condition of a perpetuation of humanity. Then, as regards passionate debates relating to: the marriage for all, gestation for others, procreation medically assisted = I move the problems, by not pronouncing me against a priori, by design of principle ideological, but seriously defined and framed that-Ci-here must-being. Social life: only that of a juxtaposition of personal decisions, but of common principles is not that = reference mark admitted for all and all. That one understands me well: There is my share no load for example against the reality of homosexual couples. This situation is not a tare, nor a choice, but a report of their emotional psychobiological reality. Human Beings, they have the same requirements rights and duties. I would have preferred, that the constitution of homosexual couples is done like union with certainly, and logically same civic rights, social and administrative. Union: this, to characterize a difference not of inferiority, but in degree with the heterosexual couples made up of the 2 components of the humanity of sex: female and male. Which: naturally and directly can generate a descent. Not, my fear is that within 30.50 years, more or less, is that which the idea of marriage becomes a commitment with a so free significance, if broad, that it loses any significance of a certain solemnity and behavior between husband. Thus, other requests can emerge, of which one does not imagine the possibility: as 30 more years ago, one would never have imagined possible a marriage between people of the same sex. Moreover, this marriage concretizes the realism and lived shared of common life of the same people sex before this legalization of the marriage in France and in other countries. This marriage: do not pose a priori an ethical objection for human conduits, and the rules of family life. Precision: in the Fifties, then child in my town of birth, I knew a family of 2 sisters and a brother who lived together because they liked, and already, they evoked the idea of the future of a matrimonial situation allowing of the social rights, civic and tax regularizing their situation, from where what follows. Thus, for example, later on in this logic without taboo, nor established collective social norms: in a few decades: one will see appearing requests for union between brothers and sisters, and even, at the time of the death of the one of the 2 parents in situations of extreme love subsidiary = the union of a father with his daughter, or of the son with his mother ..... Admittedly, which I say is at present whimsical, can appear eccentric and irrational; however, which would have envisaged, is there still 30 years behind the union between people of the same sex? The euthanasia: seem to me to be one of the problems on the question of the direction which returns us to this concept of progress. Initially, it seems to me that generalization of the palliative care and within this framework that of the accompaniment at the end of the lifetime would make it possible to the patient to lay out interlocutors to dialog and entrust of another nature that the family and the medical community. Then, the medical scientific discipline represented by the medical team must answer relevant interpellations: - Such or is such disease really incurable? - Does one really Have the means of stopping the suffering? - If the patient is in vegetative state, this one can it even last thus of the months of the years? it patient is it in sufficient situation of conscience and reflection to emit an alternative to its situation? - How the test of the family is apprehended from the point of view of the concept of progress? After the answers given to these questionings, then, the patient poses the duty to us to hear his choice if it is decided to leave its life on this ground Ci and this, in relation lucid and discussed with the members of the medical team which looks after it, the psychologists of the hospital who followed it, and his family. Is individual freedom without rules substituent with that of intelligence of the individual and collective need = this founded, in the long run, or only considered of vote-catching measurements like escape ahead? Once again, I do not slice the subject, but poses interpellations! A national Advisory committee of ethics should exist not only with the national scale, but also within UNESCO and of WHO. Let us not forget the reality of the Oedipus complex = (Theorized by Sigmund Freud in his first topics, it is defined like the unconscious desire to maintain a sexual intercourse with the relative the opposite sex (incest) and that to eliminate the rival relative from the same sex (parricidal). Thus, the fact that a boy falls in love with his mother and wishes to kill his/her father answers the requirement of the Oedipus complex.) Then, in this millenium, would this report of the sexual desire between relative and child, brother and sister, be validated socially by the universal legislation? We forgot, this Kantian principle according to which an action is moral as from the moment when it can undergo the test of universalization successfully By caricaturing to the extreme these behaviors: it is the existence even of humanity, her bases, the harmonious reproduction of the mankind which are committed. An ethical reflection on these delicate files is essential: this, not only on the continental national scale or, but on a universal scale within WHO and of UNESCO, with certainly of the universally adaptable recommendations, but imposing itself in all the States. While looking at his lives, one realizes whereas what is called progress, by identifying it only with one project of self-determination of the individual, is also what can lead to invisibility and other than the most vulnerable lives! It is there, which the most obvious contradiction of the position resides which identifies progress and exclusive project of individual freedom of the person. This contribution does not have as a subject to give a history on the history of philosophy. They would be too tiresome, and each one, each one can get the writings of its choice: this day, I limit myself to the contemporary period. During the last decade the scattering of the philosophical postulates continued what alas always more moves away the citizens and the citizens from a discipline increasingly more abstract and elitist and which appears inaudible with their waitings and concerns. When I went to Japan in January 2009, at the time of a debate within the University of Hosei in Tokyo, I had been interested in what was presented like the 3rd philosophical way = that of the school of Kyoto inspired by the philosophers Kitaro NISHIDA and Tetsuro WATSUJI, which, insist on the being in the place, this, whereas BERGSON and HEIDDEGER insist on the being in time. According To these philosophers, the awakening with oneself begins where the self-awareness reaches its limits. One thinks of oneself from the others, of the interrelationship and not from oneself. This philosophical school estimates that the Western thought has a propensity to divide, to classify, to separate, which perhaps plain. A contrario, there exists the current one called analytical Philosophy resulting from logical and philosophical work from Bertrand Russell and Ludwig Wittgenstein. Why analytical philosophy? By distrust towards the great words and the large ones. entities where do not resound according to these authors without reasoning: that empty ideas. With is the traditional question of the petrol = what it? Who is a metaphysical question, the linguistic turning substitutes the question of the statement: how that is said it which is a logical question. Thus, syntax called often grammar by the analytical philosophers replaces it metaphysics. With the American philosopher Patricia CHURCHLANG, neuro-philosophy is a philosophy of the spirit which takes support on the discoveries of the neurosciences. Phenomenism: is a point of view according to which knowledge or the thought is not relating to the things themselves, but with the way in which they appear to us. Unlike the idealism, the phenomenism inevitably does not deny the existence within the world, only, it affirms that it is like such inaccessible. At Present the ultra position human one appears: i.e. a going beyond Teilhard of CHARDIN which integrates the theory of the evolution of DARWIN in his thought. The philosophical theory of the human post is based on the biological going beyond. According To this position, the knowledge of the cerebral and biological mechanisms makes it possible to consider a direct action on vital and cerebral functions. This table, I can add the policy of the recognition of Canadian Charles TAYLOR, who is in the middle of the design of the communitarianism. According to this theory, the cultural differences represent an essential expression of human dignity. The recognition of the cultural differences is with the eyes of this approach as important as the equality of the economic rights and social. Then: it is the theories of supervening of Richard DWORKIN and functionalism of Hilary PUTMAN and Jerry A. FODOR. The first quoted considers the spirit as what emerges starting from the brain without merging with him. For the seconds who challenge dualism and the monism, there exists an occasional identity between the mental states and the physical statuses. Based on the well-known distinction in data processing between the Hardware (the material) and the Software (software) this design poses that the psychology of a system does not depend on the matter which constitutes it, but on the way in which it is assembled. However, all this is very elitist, far away from the knowledge of the not specialized people and especially: do not contribute to support the appropriation by more a large number of one philosophical approach useful for the mankind and connected on the social practices confronted with the challenges of our time. I give up one moment the philosophical analysis, and come a few moments to your continent: Even if my historical circumstances did not enable me to learn the usual language from your beautiful language Castilian, I like to sing it! Your language is resulting from popular Latin spoken around the Cantabric area north of the Iberian peninsula and was diffused while following the extension of the Kingdom of castille, then was carried out in Africa, in the Caribbean and in peaceful Asia with the extension of the Spanish empire between 15th and the XIX century. Today, approximately 410 million people has the Castilian like mother tongue, approximately 480 million if the secondary practitioners are counted, more than 500 million with the practitioners like foreign language. This, hoists it with the second world rank in terms of speakers behind Chinese Mandarin. Your beautiful language is the second spoken here in the United States. I would not like to finish my intervention without paying homage to thinkers of your South American continent. I have a principle by respect for the culture of the country of origin: I always careful, am measured, when I speak authors and artists about other continents. This, for fear of deteriorating or to be unaware of important aspects of their lived or their work. Despite Everything: the mixing of the origins which characterizes many your countries, makes me think of the contribution of the French philosopher Jacques Derrida. Then, that he is often spoken about the cultural minorities, autochtones, and sometimes in a more pejorative way of the Indians, DERRIDA, always tried déconstruire the dualities, and the oppositions or spirit of sufficiency while thinking of the wealth of the multiplicity. It is the non-existent characteristic of this multiplicity by powers which is non-existent in this world. The non-existent one, under these conditions, does not have an ontological characterization, but only one given existential characterization. The contribution of DERRIDA, is a vibrating call falling under the orientations of UNESCO to register the non-existent one beyond the discursive impositions, i.e. beyond the categories of the dominant thought. Then: to speak about your authors: I cannot prevent myself from quoting Octavio Paz, one of the large poets of the XX E century! Fascistic anti Combatant, the creator of a personal and original cosmogony. Always advances some on the change, its space poetry and its visual expressions enchant us and it accepted the Nobel Prize of literature in 1990, and that Alexis de Tocqueville by French President François Mitterrand in 1989. I read Jose Emilio PACHECO who received the prize CERVANTES, and which one of the many film enthusiasts was formed at the French Institute from Latin America in Mexico City. Of course: how not to quote this Argentinian genius Jorge Luis Borges whose French letters in the Fifties paid homage to this single talent. Although almost blind man during one long period, his conference with the College of France on January 12th, 1983, a few years before its disappearance remains one unforgettable moment in the history of worthy Institution. How to be unaware of the history of the tango sung by Carlos GARDEL, itself son of immigrant Toulouse. This tango: that Enrique DISCEPOLO defines as a sad thought which is danced. The tango, illustrates well the wealth of the contributions constitutive of your culture; dependant on the immigration in particular of the period (1860-80), it is the heritage of the diversity of the interbreeding: obsessing complaints of Flamenco, rhythms of candomblé (danced by the black slaves), Habanero of cuban origin, and Locks languorous of Milonga (come from the Argentinian pampa). Initially interpreted by the flute, the violin, the guitar it was it then by the piano and the bandonion. This year, has just disappeared Gabriel Garcia Marquez, affectionately called GABO in all the Latin America, Nobel Prize of literature in 1982, one of the XX century old great writers, whose work translated with the world plan was translated besides 50 million specimens. Its work: 100 years of loneliness is a planetary success which was published by a French editor the Editions of the Threshold It is at the same time a family epopee, a political novel, and a fabulous account. According To different Pablo NERUDA genius of the literature, it was the largest novel written in language Castilian since Don Quichotte of CERVANTES. All America recognized itself in this saga of heroic family BUENDIA and baroque. Gabriel GARCIA-MARQUEZ: it is a work without one second of stagnation, without a distraction, a powerful, at the same time exuberant language and perfectly controlled. In connection with Pablo NERUDA: Chilean thinker, modern poet, writer politician, Nobel Prize of literature in 1971, award-winning of international prizes of the peace whose circumstances of its death at the time of the dictatorship of the General PINOCHET (suspecté to have made it poisoned) remain a subject of doubt and the legal file are not closed. At The Time of its death the emotion was immense all over the world. However, I could quote many people present at this congress to give an account of the extraordinary poetic vitality of your continent from which some honour me with their friendship. As this contribution is centered on philosophy, I cannot prevent myself from quoting Francisco GARCIA - CALDERON, which, at the time of the world congress of philosophy in 1908, adapted the European philosophers: the imported scholastic, ideas of freedom and social contract, the positive age of Auguste COUNT and SPENCER, determined by the values of science. Then, there is this search for identification of philosophy in relation to the roots, the national compost. As Follows: work of Jose INGENIEROS concerning the relation between philosophy and nationality and its design of philosophy like a promise. Then, the searchs for Léopold ZEA, Ortega There GRASSET, Andrea BELO, which will study the dramas of Europe in its drifts of racism, Fascism, and its forms of totalitarianism. Then, there is contemporary research aiming at making philosophy with its place of production the Latin America a complex play of identification, with people, a language, with national and regional destinies. The philosopher of Venezuela Briceno GUERRERO was interested in the French philosopher Michel Foucault, and his critic of the powers. He determined philosophy like ENERGEIA:Western way to make philosophy, like DYNAMIS, natural provision data in Cosmonie, like ERGON, reduced to the fruit of its own production. The philosopher Angel CAPELLETTI, at the time of the international congress of philosophy in 1977 in Caracas, was interested in intuitive comprehension of the source of presupposed, and in the esthetics of the existence. According To Him: the idea of morals obeying a code of rules is disappearing. Alive philosophy, it would be by the awakening of its responsibility with regard to the human condition and by the action shared for a really communicating philosophical community. It would be a really current task for philosophy at the 3rd committed millenium. Europe and France, compared to philosophy, still have an approach ethnocentrist being interested especially in the European thinkers. However, how not to be interested in the Colombian philosopher Guillermo HOYOS VASQUEZ, and in his research on phenomenology and ontology. I can still quote and I inevitably forget talented researchers the Argentinian philosopher Mario BUNGE, who analyzes with his scientific approach the separate parts as well as the taking into account of the whole in his globality. I continue my conversation with you on the ton of the confidence and of the interrogations and suggestions, I am like you, I have only my spirit and my heart. In our company, it is this report of the separation increasingly more real between one and all. The ecological concern with the pollution felt in the great urban areas, noted climate warming, makes more sensitive to alarms on the progressive disappearance of the ice-barrier, the deforestation of Amazonia, the marine pollution, the disappearance of animal species and vegetable, this, even if it remains well to make. In the same way, on a close scale, he is noticed in a more human way: the concern of the partially-sighted persons, the levelling respect with regard to the homosexual ones, the respect of diversity in spite of its dramas still of Ci from there. However, on a collective scale, there is this paradox. In same time, the strictly social injustices in term of incomes, of statute, medical care, literally regressed since 2 decades and that in a nearly general indifference. In Europe, as in North America, the report is alarming: what is it according to you in other areas of the world, to start in your continent? Poverty is regarded as an infringement of the human rights according to UNESCO; however, in spite of the pathetic laments it does not move at the point to react with respect to the governments and of the International institutions; Out, including among the economists of the IMF, of OECD, or others, or of experts like American Andrew BERG and Paul Krugman, the same diagnosis is made. The worsened inequalities penalize the growth. The redistributive policies would not be a social gift, but a proof of intelligence economic. The reasoning of yesterday which claimed that equity had a cost became absurd. On the contrary, which has a cost in term of dynamics social and economic, it is: budgetary austerity, sacrifices imposed on the popular classes, the middle class more and more everywhere. If one wants to start again the harmony on planet, the inequalities should be reduced. To give again opportunities with all and all and to respect the 2 components of humanity which are of sex and female, and male. Then certainly: the social networks are an incredible means of speed and of contact of mass, simply, on the qualitative level of the consciences, without education with social philosophy, one can: as that was the case for the Arab revolutions, to mobilize themselves per ten thousands at the time of demonstrations, and however to vote Brothers Moslem and Ennhada during the elections. Then, to be with a power which does not correspond to the social mobilization and which requires new mobilizations. It was thus in Egypt and Tunisia with the political evolutions which one knows since. In a context very other, Venezuela lived these last months of the difficult situations and violences on behalf of a government however presented like that representing the popular aspirations. To act of this beginning of millenium passes by networks of inter relation but having a broad autonomy of knowledge and judgment, and then, which said the large Indian poet Rabindranath TAGORE, which I quote in honor of Mr Arun GANDHI, will take all its direction and its range: He declared: The man passes beside itself when it is insulated, it finds in oneself largest and most authentic in a large range of human reports. Then, for that, with other disciplines, philosophy has future if it becomes an element of the knowledge to the service of the people. Thus, history with the current one: which are the means of hoping but with risks? The past century will have tended to forget this lesson: a thought exists really only if it is understood. Stripped gradually by the science of the sectors of the knowledge which par excellence became acquainted with it since the Greeks, philosophy often had as a reaction to take refuge in darkness of its abstractions. It cultivated with a very particular care the mania of the negative one; the impossible one in all its forms (the incomprehensible one, the incommunicable one, the untranslatable one .....) became its key word, the fine bottom of its thought. As indicated it the French philosopher Christian GODIN: the universe of the philosophy, whose big-bang took place almost at the same time in Greece, India and China, twenty-five centuries ago, is far from constituting a homogeneous unit. If it shares with the physical universe this characteristic to be expanding, it disperses quickly in places which practically do not have contacts of exchange between them. The men, the doctrines make well more than to differ: they are contradicted. Who will never tell the truth on art, the feeling, the government of the men or the religious belief? Questions which the man cannot prevent himself from posing while being in the incapacity to solve them in a final way - here is space symbolic system in which deploys the world of philosophy. The diversity of philosophy is not without making think of the world of Article. Philosophy bursts in a multiplicity of schools and of various currents, even contradictory. Each philosophy is a point of view. Whereas a statue has only one mass, there are thousand manners of looking at it: while science measurement, philosophy looks at it. Measurement depends on the instrument, the glance depends on the point of view. Christian GODIN, in his work philosophy for worthless the Editions First, Paris 2007 proposes this precise summary table and the following remarks: FIVE SPHERES OF PHILOSOPHY Seen outside, philosophy seems a species of unified world. And the philosophers themselves hawk readily this legend when they feel in danger: nothing of such as a threat, real or supposed, to tighten the rows. Actually, philosophy is dispersed in five principal places which spared few passages the ones with the others: them classes the final ones of high school: for the vast majority of people, it is the only occasion of contact with philosophy. - The university: philosophy is transmitted to it in isolation and hermetic, most professors are still caught for the large priests of a worship which joins together of less the faithful ones. them media: they are attended by those which the general public calls philosophers, because for them, philosophy is initially incarnated by these public figures. - The public space of the coffees philosophy and the conference rooms: philosophy is practiced there in a free and somewhat wild way. it office of a few tens of philosophers: those carry on a research activity and of writing and, in the best of the cases, manage to publish works which will be read only by a few hundreds of readers. However requirements are born in our world, message at the same time confused but carrying future. Globalization is not only one business of banker. It would not have all the same to be forgotten that it started with philosophy, a long time ago, in old Greece. What is new today, it is geographical and cultural dispersion philosophers: just as an athlete of Philippines or Zimbabwe can today gain a gold medal with a test of the Olympic Games (still at one time dominated by a small handle of country), philosophers work currently a little everywhere in the world. They yet are not known because, generally, they are not always translated, but is it that they exist. Internet, at the same time vector and sign of a globalization which does nothing but be born, give to philosophy a public existence which it had never had before. Anonymous thousands of bloggers launch ideas in this ocean of signs, meet in newsgroups, exchange their arguments. Never in all the last history one will have as many philosophers as today. If the history of the discipline teaches us something, it is that this practice which one calls philosophy since Pythagore was exerted in a so various way, known contradictory (one can make philosophy as a prophet, a scientist, a poet, a writer, a professor, an amateur, a dreamer, as an agitator, in policy ) that no method can be issued impossible a priori. It is probably in that philosophy is different clearly from sciences and technology. The progressive deterioration of the statute of official philosopher will be done, this, in the condition of complying with the epistemological rules and the demanding rigor of the philosophical discipline and its statements criticized by the thought and validated by the social practices thus educated. To facilitate this evolution, the progressive teaching of philosophy in the school system as of the class of 6th, and for all the disciplines at the time of the statute of student would contribute to this evolution sociétale. This One depends on the will of the people and the lucid intervention of the governments for the community property of humanity and this, before the egoistic official interests and the personal ambitions. It during and indeed I hear the objection well: let us not think, only what I recommend will be carried out without difficulties or conditions and even less quickly. The principal ambitions for philosophy described by Emmanuel KANT, remain of a deep topicality: That can we know? What do we have to make? What we-be-it allowed to hope? All questions which will lead it to wonder about that fundamental: What the man and who remains to be deepened today. However, as the French philosopher Lucien SAP indicates it, in a work to appear to think in September 2014 with MARX today Between DESCARTES, HOBBES, SPINOZA, LEIBNIZ, the common demonstration is obvious (addition of Guy CREQUIE: it was a philosophical development in spiral). But, between NIETZSCHE, BERGSON, WITTENGENSTEIN, LUKAS, it become untraceable, where did it is still philosophy? (Mention of Guy CREQUIE: it is an addition of directions which disperses in many directions and of fields of investigation which overflow the epistemological ontology and requirements. Lucien SAP continues: the new one: it is not the depth of divisions, It is that beyond divisions dispersion regulates. One has difficulty in discussing when one does not get along even more on the matter of the litigations. However, if philosophy is everywhere in the coffees philosophy, in the high schools, on Internet at home, etc it is not because one thinks of philosophizing, that one is truly philosophical. Still is necessary it for that to constitute an innovative work. This, implies to invent concepts likely to give a new direction to the things. It is thus, which one a little quickly calls philosophical very popularized through the media essay writers certainly often, prolix, but which make often only transmit to their sauce of the ideas previously put forward before them, or apart from them. Then, for the ordinary citizens, philosophy becomes only one collection of expressions without depth, of works of individualities benefitting from media din, but not being able to mask that it could not make nap any more. Sometimes philosophy, and either philosophy, tend to replace the failing religion laïquement. Lucien SAP, in the work quoted to appear: recalls that transcendental is a category expressly to create by KA NT, to say what returns on the subject a priori. But this work of philosophical criticism, requires a rigorous category culture and the qualitative distinction between scientific concept and philosophical category. Philosophical work thus consists in of the same movement criticizing all reality and deteriorating all the categories of them. Previously, I spoke that the challenge and the formation of a true capacity criticize at the future citizen by the progressive teaching of philosophy as of the class of 6th. However, the paramount question is not the age but the direction of what is taught. There is no more current dominating for the philosophy which does not have to be locked up any more in such or such isthmus. Philosophy is also free to be able again to be astonished by reality, without having to fall under answers already found to the service of a true intellectual ambition. However, it remains with philosophy, of the rules to be respected, the requirements to be respected, the requirements to be respected. Lucien SAP, the philosophical large last of the philosophical materialism expresses it in his book to be appeared with the autumn 2014 To Think with MARX today - volume 3 - philosophy pages of conclusion of the work, editions the Argument, Paris. If philosophy as imaginary knowledge of the world - transcientific is null and void, philosophical work as rigorous elucidation of the direction of any knowledge is of permanent need. Philosophy was a common continuous battlefield of capital progress of the philosophical thought: the Cartesian cogito, or it I transcendental Kantian via the human understanding, then with the Hegelian idea of the critical conscience and before, ethics spinozienne and the Kantian duty. In the Sixties, the philosophical work which emerged was then in France that of outstanding individualities: LEVINAS, RICOEUR, ALTHUSSER, DELEUZE, FOUCAULT In his conclusion, Lucien SEVE fixes the philosophical ambition of his work by specifying, while being pressed on MARX, that to seek to give off the petrol of what is, it is not to register it in the timelessness of the idea, but to detect his producing lawsuit, therefore also his historical relativity. He recalls the critical petrol since KANT, who should be updated the conditions of possibility of the true knowledge, and to act it well. If philosophy, like imaginary knowledge of the world, transcientific is null and void, philosophical work as rigorous elucidation of the direction of any knowledge is of permanent need. The presentation of the philosophical approach is that of conceiving of continuous connection with teaching of each matter, and making the pupils attentive and think of the categories of thought which it mobilizes. Examples: mediation of the signs in the language, intuition and deduction in mathematics, causality and finality in the life sciences, the ground, temporal logic in history It is in short effective setting-up philosophy, like dimension of any culture, condition of all of knowing, companion of very practical. Let us not forget, from quantitative does not emerge fatally the qualitative useful one for the advanced conscience of the people. From this point of view, the building site remains intact, and to date, it is not ensured to be suitable bénéfiquement by the people. The risk of loss of the epistemological direction and the rigor of the philosophical approach is real: such an amount of its dispersion in a multiplicity of glances by a too surface popularization, deteriorates the major research of the requirement of it. Then, from this point of view, of university work of researchers making state of new concepts irrigating the humanistic thought and the movement of knowledge, can be used as accelerator with the popular function of philosophy as DIDEROT wished it, GRAMSCI. I think, for example: with work of the going beyond by the creativity of professor GALTUNG, with the ABC approach introduced by the sociologist and philosopher Léo SEMASHKO with his pleiad of researchers, with the proposals for the peace worked out since more than 30 years per Mr Daisaku IKEDA, with work of the last large philosophical Marxist Lucien SAP All initiatives which are based on the universal thought known thinkers, and who amplify the way of knowledge, by the operational startup of reflected concepts, innovating, likely to offer prospects for peaceful transformation of the hearts and bodies like possible future of the new generations. The result of the European election on May 25th, 2014 showed once again, that when the people do not lay out of a sufficiently anchored philosophical design a direction of the existence, they can give echo the xenophobe theories and to anti-semites when their social conditions of existence are distressing and when the incapacity of the political elected officials to offer a prospect is obvious. To conclude my intervention: of this philosophical expansion supported by education, practices educated, and developed by the pangs of the globalization (of which the rise of sciences and technology) can emerge, as Christian GODIN in the work quoted indicates it previously: that of which we do not lay out any more since death of MARX, I want to speak about a theory of the justice which is really universal, a theory of the respect of the complementarity of the sexes, a theory of realities of the exploitation of beings by other beings . In Short, we miss it, at present, a theory of the suspicion in our world, and this is why it is not so well our current world. Our world makes the good share with the communication of the ideologies of legitimation, it should ensure the transmission of a revitalized and lit thought. To Leave our obvious worlds, to arrive at the divided world, here one of the requirements of our time for a planet of peace and harmony with a vision anticipatrice of the evolution of the world. Example: if Africa is regarded as the cradle of humanity, at horizon 2100, with 4 billion 200 million inhabitants against 800 million in 2000 (either 5 times more and accounting for 1/3 of planet of the sphere) it will exceed the weight demographic of China, of Americas and it holds many mineral wealths, hydraulic, considerable forests . New international reports will be to consider, and then, one will need a solid philosophical conscience to make changes not fears or tares, but of the inevitable and fertile wealths. Lastly, as we are in America, the philosophical thought cannot be unaware of work of John Rawls (and his theory of justice) or those of Michael Walzer (spheres of justice), and of good of others: of Richard Rorty with Robert WOZICK, Daniel Dennett with Thomas KUHN and I quoted Patricia CHURCHLAND previously. Thank You for your patience and your attention to have listened to my contribution which was also difficult for me to reflect and to write. Homage to Mr Arun GANDHI. Live Congress CUPHI III. Thank You with its organizers. Live the South American continent, its poets, artists, thinkers, and its people, Live the friendship and solidarity between the people. The future, our future, does not depend on the only good will of the governments, but of you: who be the wealth of this world, in this world, for a future of peace and harmony. Copyright Guy CREQUIE
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