> I have a guide who is now retired but definitely trained > under older methods who doesn't respond all that accurate to > clicker training and a current working guide who has been > trained with the clicker and food reinforcement. Any dog can learn to be conditioned. That is what clicker training is, based on classical conditioning. The three formulas that have to fit into place are: 1. Timing 2. Rate of Reinforcement 3. Criteria Any training problem is solved by the formula above. Yes, it does take a little longer for a dog to learn that they can be shaped, but I would have to see how you are training your dog to see what three above that needs to change. Many dogs who are cross over dogs need a lot more reinforcements. Most dog trainers, even some clicker trainers are stingy in their reinforcements. I learned this when I was fortunate to attend chicken camp with Bob Bailey. I trained a chicken through an obstacle course and learned the real meaning of reinforcements and how to get the behaviors I want. Now criteria is also important. Work on one thing at a time. Realize that a cross over dog has to gradually learn how to learn. They need to learn that it is ok to do something and explore. You do this by a lot of clicks and reinforcements sooner than you would a clicker savvy dog. I had a pup that I grained form clicker and a cross over dog, eventually he cross over dog, with time and patience with me and learning how to click with chickens, that I got my cross over dog to shape a lot nicer than my pup that had been clicked since puppy hood. I say this very tongue and cheek, but it was a lesson I had to learn myself, it is a trainer's issue, not the subject issue. All subjects can learn reinforcements and learn to be conditioned to do a behavior. It is the trainer that needs to learn their basics and to reach that dog. Remember, you go in steps at the dog's pace, not your pace. Learn your student well and know when to go to the next criteria and keep those rapid reinforcements going. Christy