Bob White states "the Pb free issue is not so much one of the environmental effect directly, so much as it is to be able to safely recycle products." It's understandable that he would say that, because that's what the preamble to the RoHS directive says. But the claim, though plausible, doesn't hold up to scrutiny. The waste electrical and electronic equipment going to recyclers today (and for the foreseeable future) contains Pb, and to some extent the other prohibited metals, so it is only prudent for recyclers to assume they are present. (The prohibited brominated flame retardants probably are not present because they were long ago taken off the market.) But so what? No one has ever shown that the safety precautions used by workers at recycling facilities are burdensome or that they would be any less so if those substances weren't present. In fact, studies conducted by environmental activist organizations of unregulated recycling in third-world countries found people making a royal mess of their immediate environment from their unwise practices, but remarkably didn't find people getting sick or dying as a result. Incidentally, the real (original) reason for the prohibitions, though plausible, also doesn't stand up to scrutiny - a belief that the prohibited substances would get into the public water supply by being leached from waste in landfills, or would go up the smokestack of incinerators. The prohibited metals don't leach in landfills, and while it is true that an improperly operated incinerator can spew forth noxious substances, that is so whether or not it contains electrical and electronic waste. Sad to say, the electronics industry has had to spend tens of billions of dollars, euros, etc. to substitute practices to solve what is claimed - but has never been shown - to be a problem. There are no cases of poisoning attributable to lack of the RoHS directive. The problems - including the tin whiskers that prompted the creation of this forum - have come from the substitute practices. Greenpeace, the environmental activist organization responsible for RoHS, and hence for causing the wasted money and the problems, is not strong on conducting environmental impact analyses - only on making their adversaries conduct them. For Greenpeace, doctrine preempts science. Generating plausible (as opposed to factual) new claims is important to environmental activist organizations. Claims are what they use to frighten donors into keeping the cash flowing in. By posing as diligent representatives of the best interests of the public, these organizations manage to get away with making all kinds of unsubstantiated claims because no one challenges them. The press gives environmental activists a free ride, and legislators don't want to look "un-green" so they go along. "Greedy industrialists" don't oppose them, wary of having their counter-claims dismissed as self-serving, and worse, fearful of being labeled "anti-environment" and having demonstrations outside the corporate offices or in front of the CEO's house. The result is legislation drafted from greed (the activists' not the industrialists') and enacted by superstition and intimidation. Gordon Davy