> I want to know whether it is necessary that overshoot and undershoot > values needed to be same? I can't think of any good reason why the positive and negative overshoot values must be the same. On the other hand, if the driver circuit and the overshoot clamps are supposed to be symmetrical, then equal overshoot values might be expected; so unequal values might mean that something is wrong. "Ideally," overshoot should be zero, meaning that the waveform swings precisely to steady-state and stays there. That is, overshoot itself is undesirable, or at least not desirable ... with certain exceptions. But some overshoot is almost always tolerable; and sometimes changes to a circuit that are otherwise beneficial, also happen to cause or increase overshoot. So we let it happen. I believe that negative overshoot (overshoot that dips below Vss) CAN be more troublesome than positive overshoot, because the former can cause effects in the substrate that can disturb logic states in other parts of the circuit if not handled correctly. But this is a generalization and may not be true in your case. Jim Whitehead's discussion about overshoot vs. undershoot is correct, but there are plenty of references (and large companies) that use the terms incorrectly. Regards, Andy ------------------------------------------------------------------ To unsubscribe from si-list: si-list-request@xxxxxxxxxxxxx with 'unsubscribe' in the Subject field or to administer your membership from a web page, go to: //www.freelists.org/webpage/si-list For help: si-list-request@xxxxxxxxxxxxx with 'help' in the Subject field List technical documents are available at: http://www.si-list.net List archives are viewable at: //www.freelists.org/archives/si-list or at our remote archives: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/si-list/messages Old (prior to June 6, 2001) list archives are viewable at: http://www.qsl.net/wb6tpu