This question wasn't really about the Hspice field solver; it was about the PULSE independent source. > Vin in1 0 pulse 3.3 0 5n 0.5n 0.5n 25ns ... > I wonder how do we determine the frequency, rise/fall time of this pulse > function?? Assuming that I am remembering the order of PULSE parameters correctly: The waveform alternates between 3.3 and 0 volts. It has an initial delay of 5ns, where the voltage remains steady at 3.3V, before it starts to change toward 0V. The rise time is 0.5ns, measured from 0% (= 3.3V) to 100% (= 0.0V). Note that "rise" means going from the initial voltage (3.3V) to the second voltage (0V), which in this case is toward a less positive voltage so the voltage is actually falling! The fall time is 0.5ns, measured from 100% (0.0V) to 0% (3.3V). The period is 25ns, so the frequency is 40MHz. Since the PULSE function uses straight-line edges, you can calculate the rise and fall times for other percentages. For example, the 10-90% rise and fall times are 80% * 0.5ns = 0.4ns; the 20-80% rise time is 0.3ns. Regards, Andy ------------------------------------------------------------------ To unsubscribe from si-list: si-list-request@xxxxxxxxxxxxx with 'unsubscribe' in the Subject field or to administer your membership from a web page, go to: //www.freelists.org/webpage/si-list For help: si-list-request@xxxxxxxxxxxxx with 'help' in the Subject field List technical documents are available at: http://www.si-list.org List archives are viewable at: //www.freelists.org/archives/si-list or at our remote archives: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/si-list/messages Old (prior to June 6, 2001) list archives are viewable at: http://www.qsl.net/wb6tpu