Bo: Please don't take personal offense at the following. Most of your comments are on target; however, there are several of us "older dawgs" who have been providing guidance and education/tutorials in SI long before 1990. For the microwave dudes, transmission line characteristics and their associated impedance transformations versus frequency were standard fare to even be in the design area. I used SI techniques in 1961 to design a folded resonant cavity S-band (2.4 GHz), low-noise (1.2 dB noise figure) receiver that was 1/8-inch thick and one-inch square. I used two layers of teflon-fiberglass PCB material to build a narrowband signal frequency filter at 2.4 GHz, a 2.397 GHz local oscillator (LO) tank, and a 30 MHz intermediate frequency (IF) tank. I used a single Tunnel diode that operated at 300 UA at 375 mVdc to achieve 14 dB signal plus down-conversion gain. The effort was for the USAF and not for comercialization. "SI" has only recently become familiar to the digital "ones and zeros" crowd that now realize that they must learn analog techniques to rise to the next level of electronic systems education. The market volume demand for communications networks is of course the primary driver today. My particular strength that got me into the currently popular digital SI field was EMI. As many now know, radiated emissions problems usually have their roots in poor SI designs on PCBs. Just my 2 cents. Mike Michael L. Conn Owner/Principal Consultant Mikon Consulting (408)727-5697 *** Serving Your Needs with technical Excellence *** ------------------------------------------------------------------ To unsubscribe from si-list: si-list-request@xxxxxxxxxxxxx with 'unsubscribe' in the Subject field For help: si-list-request@xxxxxxxxxxxxx with 'help' in the Subject field List archives are viewable at: //www.freelists.org/archives/si-list Old list archives are viewable at: http://www.qsl.net/wb6tpu