Hi Graham, "By Cu imbalance ..." Steve is absolutely right to advise against non-symmetrical board stacks, and here's an example why: A few years ago, a company came to us, unhappy with their layout house that had designed them a 14 layer board covered in expensive FPGAs. The layout house had come up with a SUPERB stackup, where all 6 pwr and gnd planes where in the top half of the board ... no joke! The PCB manufacturer had obviously not thought about it, and manufactured it as requested. Even the non-populated boards 'looked' ok - warpage was acceptable, apparently. But the ASSEMBLED boards - that was a different matter altogether: they were as straight as a banana. And worse still, not a single board functioned. Cue customer changes layout house, to us. But, this is an example of an *extreme*. Your board with only one 'off' plane, and with this being closest to the centre of the board, is, *in my experience*, unlikely to be a big problem. Of course, you'd like to be SURE, and this is why I thought I'd comment on your mail and Steve's reply: although you definitely should ask your PCB fabricator, as Steve suggests, you should perhaps ask your populator as well. They will be able to give you a different slant on it, as they see lots of different types of boards (not just yours) at the END stage, and the type of soldering also plays its part in achieving an acceptable assembled PCB (wave soldering heats one side far more than the other, while reflow and vapour phase soldering offer more uniform temperatures). PLUS, any products that will be sold in Europe after July 2006 will be faced with lead-free soldering, where soldering temperatures are significantly higher, so any problems will then worsen. Regards, ____________________________________ Sol Tatlow, M.Eng. (Oxon) ProDesign Electronic & CAD Layout GmbH Product Developer Albert-Mayer-Str. 16 D-83052 Bruckmuehl Phone: +49 (0) 8062-808-302 Fax: +49 (0) 8062-808-333 Mailto:sol.tatlow@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx www.prodesign-europe.com ____________________________________=20 ------------------------------------------------------------------ To unsubscribe from si-list: si-list-request@xxxxxxxxxxxxx with 'unsubscribe' in the Subject field or to administer your membership from a web page, go to: //www.freelists.org/webpage/si-list For help: si-list-request@xxxxxxxxxxxxx with 'help' in the Subject field List FAQ wiki page is located at: http://si-list.org/wiki/wiki.pl?Si-List_FAQ List technical documents are available at: http://www.si-list.org List archives are viewable at: //www.freelists.org/archives/si-list or at our remote archives: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/si-list/messages Old (prior to June 6, 2001) list archives are viewable at: http://www.qsl.net/wb6tpu