Depends a lot on what you're trying to measure. Some good examples are = included in my app note = http://cp.literature.agilent.com/litweb/pdf/5989-2581EN.pdf There is a good list of questions to ask yourself in the app note.=20 Usually a good starting point is somewhere between the 5th and 7th = harmonic of the fastest square wave fundamental (which is half the data = rate for NRZ serial data).=20 Art Porter Agilent Technologies -----Original Message----- From: si-list-bounce@xxxxxxxxxxxxx [mailto:si-list-bounce@xxxxxxxxxxxxx] = On Behalf Of Grossman, Brett Sent: Friday, January 06, 2006 11:14 AM To: rula.bakleh@xxxxxxxxxx; si-list@xxxxxxxxxxxxx Subject: [SI-LIST] Re: Maximum frequency consideration for high-speed = digital analysis of differential signals Wow, if I had a dime for every time this question came up... I had attended a seminar at DesignCon a few years back when I was struggling with this same question on the 40Gb/s interconnects we were designing. The instructor (Henri Merkelo) asked a question of the audience as to the necessary bandwidth for a 10Gb/s. From an audience of folks with collectively dozens of products already shipping in the 10Gb/s space, there were plenty of different answers. Here is a sampling. 1. BW=3D3D0.35/tr(10-90) 2. BW=3D3D0.22/tr(20-80) 3. f0=3D3D0.5*datarate, then BW=3D3D3*f0 4. or BW=3D3D5*f0 5. or BW=3D3D10*f0 (i.e. odd harmonics of the fundamental) 6. f0=3D3D0.5*datarate or 1.0*datarate depending on the coding scheme = (for example RZ vs. NRZ)=3D20 7. BW =3D3D datarate / 2*log2(number of encoded symbols) 8. Enough bandwidth such that when passed through a brick-wall (or n-pole) filter the residual power spectral density of enough bits of a PRBS, is small enough. There are lots more, but I'll save the rest (along with the truth about the steroid abuse and wild parties of SI engineers) till I right my 'tell all' book of the signal integrity world ;^) =3D20 In reality, I think you will be hard pressed to find a rule of thumb that satisfies all your needs. All those that have been mentioned by myself and others are a good start to help better understand the 'big knobs' in your system. The cost of trying these different approaches and evaluating the sensitivity of your system to the different choices can be pretty reasonable in a simulation environment. BTW, my response is intended to be very general and not specific to the Rocket I/O interface. For that interface some industry standard or customer reference designs may exist, but I am sorry that I haven't worked with it before. Maybe some of the Xilinx folks will have more input. My $0.02, -Brett -----Original Message----- From: si-list-bounce@xxxxxxxxxxxxx [mailto:si-list-bounce@xxxxxxxxxxxxx] On Behalf Of art_porter@xxxxxxxxxxx Sent: Friday, January 06, 2006 8:18 AM To: Cortex.Chen@xxxxxxxxxxxx; tom@xxxxxxxxxxxxx; rula.bakleh@xxxxxxxxxx; si-list@xxxxxxxxxxxxx Subject: [SI-LIST] Re: Maximum frequency consideration for high-speed digital analysis of differential signals Well it all depends on the shape of the filter response. Is it =3D3D single-pole RC? 3rd-order Chebyshev? Gaussian? The ratios listed below = =3D =3D3D are true for Gaussian but not necessarily for all responses. For =3D3D instance, for today's more brick-wall-like scope responses, the 10-90 = =3D =3D3D numerator is closer to 0.42. =3D3D20 Art Porter Agilent=3D3D20 -----Original Message----- From: si-list-bounce@xxxxxxxxxxxxx [mailto:si-list-bounce@xxxxxxxxxxxxx] =3D3D On Behalf Of Cortex.Chen@xxxxxxxxxxxx Sent: Thursday, January 05, 2006 7:26 PM To: tom@xxxxxxxxxxxxx; rula.bakleh@xxxxxxxxxx; si-list@xxxxxxxxxxxxx Subject: [SI-LIST] Re: Maximum frequency consideration for high-speed = =3D =3D3D digital analysis of differential signals 0.35/Tr ---- 10% to 90% 0.22/Tr ---- 20% to 80% =3D3D20 Regards, =3D3D20 Cortex ________________________________ From: si-list-bounce@xxxxxxxxxxxxx =3D3DA5N=3D3DB2z Tom Dagostino Sent: 2006/1/6 [=3D3DACP=3D3DB4=3D3DC1=3D3DA4=3D3DAD] = =3D3DA4W=3D3DA4=3D3DC8 10:03 To: rula.bakleh@xxxxxxxxxx; si-list@xxxxxxxxxxxxx Subject: [SI-LIST] Re: Maximum frequency consideration for high-speed = =3D =3D3D digital analysis of differential signals I'm not sure how you are computing your bandwidth. If you have a 25 = =3D3D psec risetime (assuming 10-90%) your -3dB bandwidth is 0.35/25psec or 14 GHz. When analyzing bandwidth requirements for systems like this most people =3D3D talk about passing the 3rd or 5th harmonic of the clock. In your case that = =3D =3D3D is 7.5 or 12.5 GHz. Some analysis of your system requirements is in order. Tom Dagostino Teraspeed(R) Labs 13610 SW Harness Lane Beaverton, OR 97008 503-430-1065 tom@xxxxxxxxxxxxx www.teraspeed.com Teraspeed Consulting Group LLC 121 North River Drive Narragansett, RI 02882 401-284-1827 -----Original Message----- From: si-list-bounce@xxxxxxxxxxxxx [mailto:si-list-bounce@xxxxxxxxxxxxx]On Behalf Of rula.bakleh@xxxxxxxxxx Sent: Thursday, January 05, 2006 2:19 PM To: si-list@xxxxxxxxxxxxx Subject: [SI-LIST] Maximum frequency consideration for high-speed digital analysis of differential signals Hi Everyone, I'm designing a differential signal for the Rocket I/O interface. My = =3D3D signal speed is 5 Gbit/sec, operating frequency is 2.5 GHz, and fastest edge = =3D =3D3D rate is 25 psec or 40 GHz. In regards to performing channel analysis, what is the highest frequency content to consider when designing this particular differential signal serial link? If I am measuring or simulating S parameters for various portions of this link what is the highest frequency of interest that I = =3D =3D3D need to consider as a rule of thumb and why? Is it the operating frequency only, multiples/harmonics of the operating freq, edge rate frequency (f=3D3D3D1/trise), multiples/harmonics of the = =3D edge =3D3D rate freq, or some fraction of the edge rate? I'm finding conflicting information: some people say that it's the full edge rate, others say = =3D =3D3D 0.35 or 0.5 of the edge rate, and yet others say multiples of the edge =3D3D frequency should be taken into account for analysis and design. I'm hoping that somebody could shed some light on this topic for me. Thank You, Rula Bakleh ------------------------------------------------------------------ To unsubscribe from si-list: si-list-request@xxxxxxxxxxxxx with 'unsubscribe' in the Subject field or to administer your membership from a web page, go to: //www.freelists.org/webpage/si-list For help: si-list-request@xxxxxxxxxxxxx with 'help' in the Subject field List FAQ wiki page is located at: http://si-list.org/wiki/wiki.pl?Si-List_FAQ List technical documents are available at: http://www.si-list.org List archives are viewable at: //www.freelists.org/archives/si-list or at our remote archives: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/si-list/messages Old (prior to June 6, 2001) list archives are viewable at: http://www.qsl.net/wb6tpu ------------------------------------------------------------------ To unsubscribe from si-list: si-list-request@xxxxxxxxxxxxx with 'unsubscribe' in the Subject field or to administer your membership from a web page, go to: //www.freelists.org/webpage/si-list For help: si-list-request@xxxxxxxxxxxxx with 'help' in the Subject field List FAQ wiki page is located at: http://si-list.org/wiki/wiki.pl?Si-List_FAQ List technical documents are available at: http://www.si-list.org List archives are viewable at: =3D3D20 //www.freelists.org/archives/si-list or at our remote archives: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/si-list/messages Old (prior to June 6, 2001) list archives are viewable at: http://www.qsl.net/wb6tpu =3D3D20 ------------------------------------------------------------------ To unsubscribe from si-list: si-list-request@xxxxxxxxxxxxx with 'unsubscribe' in the Subject field or to administer your membership from a web page, go to: //www.freelists.org/webpage/si-list For help: si-list-request@xxxxxxxxxxxxx with 'help' in the Subject field List FAQ wiki page is located at: http://si-list.org/wiki/wiki.pl?Si-List_FAQ List technical documents are available at: http://www.si-list.org List archives are viewable at: =3D3D20 //www.freelists.org/archives/si-list or at our remote archives: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/si-list/messages Old (prior to June 6, 2001) list archives are viewable at: http://www.qsl.net/wb6tpu =3D3D20 ------------------------------------------------------------------ To unsubscribe from si-list: si-list-request@xxxxxxxxxxxxx with 'unsubscribe' in the Subject field or to administer your membership from a web page, go to: //www.freelists.org/webpage/si-list For help: si-list-request@xxxxxxxxxxxxx with 'help' in the Subject field List FAQ wiki page is located at: http://si-list.org/wiki/wiki.pl?Si-List_FAQ List technical documents are available at: http://www.si-list.org List archives are viewable at: =3D20 //www.freelists.org/archives/si-list or at our remote archives: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/si-list/messages Old (prior to June 6, 2001) list archives are viewable at: http://www.qsl.net/wb6tpu =3D20 ------------------------------------------------------------------ To unsubscribe from si-list: si-list-request@xxxxxxxxxxxxx with 'unsubscribe' in the Subject field or to administer your membership from a web page, go to: //www.freelists.org/webpage/si-list For help: si-list-request@xxxxxxxxxxxxx with 'help' in the Subject field List FAQ wiki page is located at: http://si-list.org/wiki/wiki.pl?Si-List_FAQ List technical documents are available at: http://www.si-list.org List archives are viewable at: =20 //www.freelists.org/archives/si-list or at our remote archives: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/si-list/messages Old (prior to June 6, 2001) list archives are viewable at: http://www.qsl.net/wb6tpu =20 ------------------------------------------------------------------ To unsubscribe from si-list: si-list-request@xxxxxxxxxxxxx with 'unsubscribe' in the Subject field or to administer your membership from a web page, go to: //www.freelists.org/webpage/si-list For help: si-list-request@xxxxxxxxxxxxx with 'help' in the Subject field List FAQ wiki page is located at: http://si-list.org/wiki/wiki.pl?Si-List_FAQ List technical documents are available at: http://www.si-list.org List archives are viewable at: //www.freelists.org/archives/si-list or at our remote archives: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/si-list/messages Old (prior to June 6, 2001) list archives are viewable at: http://www.qsl.net/wb6tpu