=20 As we are talking of jitter in PLL,I want to clear one doubt: Looking at jitter specs. Of many Oscillators / Clk Generators, I found that rms jitter nos. goes on decreasing as we increase the frequency. What is the theory behind this behavior OR this is just Oscillator specific. Regaeds Naresh =20 -----Original Message----- From: si-list-bounce@xxxxxxxxxxxxx [mailto:si-list-bounce@xxxxxxxxxxxxx] On Behalf Of Paul Levin Sent: Wednesday, March 14, 2007 10:21 AM To: Chris Cheng Cc: si-list@xxxxxxxxxxxxx Subject: [SI-LIST] Re: Jitter transfer vs. accumulation Dear Chris, Unless something is horribly wrong with the PLL, the jitter peaking (what you appear to call accumulation, I believe) from one PLL should be no more than a dB or two. Unless you do that several times in a row, you can probably live with the result. Regards, Paul Levin Xyratex ___________________ Chris Cheng wrote: > The jitter accumulation I am talking about is the jitter induced on=20 > the PLL on the receiver due to its supply or substrate. That applies=20 > to the PLL in the CDR that is needed to capture the incoming data,=20 > independent of whether the recovered clock is used to pass data down stream. >=20 > ---------------------------------------------------------------------- > -- > *From:* Paul Levin [mailto:levinpa@xxxxxxxxxxxxx] > *Sent:* Tue 3/13/2007 8:51 PM > *To:* Chris Cheng > *Cc:* si-list@xxxxxxxxxxxxx > *Subject:* Re: [SI-LIST] Jitter transfer vs. accumulation >=20 > Dear Chris, >=20 > In Fibre Channel at least, every time the signal arrives at a port,=20 > the serial signal gets reduced to logic. When the signal exits from=20 > this or any other port, the logic is re-serialized using some fresh,=20 > local clock source, most likely a crystal or SAW oscillator. (Any rate > mismatch between input and output is absorbed by adding or deleting=20 > idle words between frames.) Thus, there is little opportunity for jitter accumulation. >=20 > Regards, >=20 > Paul Levin > Xyratex > _____________________ >=20 > Chris Cheng wrote: > > This stream of questions has been in my mind for the pass few years.=20 > And every time I went to DesignCon I ended up with more and more=20 > questions to myself rather than answers. So let me try to clear this=20 > up and let everyone hammer me back down to the ground :-D. > > Here it goes : > > > > It is a well know phenomenon that PLL suffers from jitter=20 > accumulation. i.e. Supply and substrate noise induced on the ultra=20 > high gain VCO resulting in jitter. Many ways have been invented to=20 > combat this including PLLVDD filters, on-chip regulators and most=20 > importantly, adjusting the PLL filter loop dynamics. It can be shown=20 > (and quite > intuitively) that when you decrease the lock time and increase the=20 > tracking bandwidth, you allow the PLL to correct itself quicker with=20 > the induced jitter and thereby decreasing the peak to peak jitter. > > > > It is also a well known phenomenon that in the presence of input=20 > jitter, the loop dynamics need to be adjusted to minimize the=20 > propagation of the jitter. Worst there is a possibility of jitter=20 > peaking where the jitter may be amplified for a narrow band of=20 > frequency. It can also be shown (and again quite intuitively) that=20 > when you increase the lock time and decrease the tracking bandwidth,=20 > you decrease the jitter tracking of the PLL. > > > > So from the above, it is clear that the solutions to the two=20 > problems are contradicting each other. If you believe you have a=20 > problem with input jitter, you slow down your loop dynamics (or=20 > over-damped) in your PLL. If you believe you have supply ripples or=20 > noisy substrate, you speed up your loop dynamics (well...at least make > sure it is stable and not under-damped). > > > > To go deeper a little bit, what exactly are the input jitter we are > talking about ? Well, let's use the convention jitter definitions, Tj, > Dj,Rj,DDj,ISI,DCD,Pj etc etc. For most of the multi-gigabit systems=20 > I've seen, Dj seems to be the dominant component at the input in a=20 > system environment. Within Dj, I believe the DDj part is relatively high-speed. > After all, your impulse response pre and post cursor dies down after a > few UIs and your alternating rise/fall edge clock (DCD) happens in UI. > The benefit of the PLL dynamics has little or no effect on such high=20 > speed jitters. Most (but not all) of PLL loop dynamics are at least=20 > 20x slower than the reference frequencies just to be stable. Any=20 > jitter happens within a few cycles of the sampling frequencies does=20 > not get the benefit of low jitter transfer at any stable loop filter=20 > settings. So now we have knock out the too big components of the input > jitter, what's left ? My guess is the true Rj AND the jitter induced=20 > from the tra nsm > it circuit PLL (i.e. JITTER ACCUMULATION). > > > > So when we are trying to fight the jitter transfer by dropping the=20 > loop bandwidth, aren't we actually INCREASING the jitter accumulation=20 > at the transmitting end and we end up needing to cut the bandwidth=20 > downstream to minimize jitter transfer ? Does the solution we are=20 > implementing actually creates/worsen the problem ? > > > > To every designers we see our own devil, I sure would not like to=20 > impose my point of view on this issue on anyone who at least=20 > understand my points above. Whether you agree with me or not. However, > seeing the latest FC or PCIe Gen II spec, it seems to be the group=20 > thinking has already been set to minimizing the jitter transfer is=20 > more important than the jitter accumulation. In fact, I am not even=20 > aware of any jitter accumulation spec in FC or PCIe (please correct me > if I am wrong). The fact that Fc is set to something like 1667th of=20 > the bit rate means the PLL is way over damped. > > > > This seems countered to my own experience of characterizing PLL's=20 > where jitter accumulation almost always larger than true jitter=20 > transfer. I have to qualify that with the jitter definition above.=20 > Slow non-high speed input jitter transfer is what I am talking about.=20 > Dj's and specifically DDj input is big but not within the bandwidth of > our discussion here. > > > > I know there are many smart brains that is responsible to come up=20 > with this 1/1667 bit rate Fc, so somewhere along my logic I must be=20 > wrong. Can someone point me to why jitter accumulation is less of a=20 > concern than transfer in these standard ? > > > > Chris > > > > ------------------------------------------------------------------ > > To unsubscribe from si-list: > > si-list-request@xxxxxxxxxxxxx with 'unsubscribe' in the Subject=20 > field > > or to administer your membership from a web page, go to: > > //www.freelists.org/webpage/si-list > > > > For help: > > si-list-request@xxxxxxxxxxxxx with 'help' in the Subject field > =20 > > > List technical documents are available at: > > http://www.si-list.net > > > > List archives are viewable at: =20 > > //www.freelists.org/archives/si-list > > or at our remote archives: > > http://groups.yahoo.com/group/si-list/messages > > Old (prior to June 6, 2001) list archives are viewable at: > > http://www.qsl.net/wb6tpu > > > > > > > > >=20 ------------------------------------------------------------------ To unsubscribe from si-list: si-list-request@xxxxxxxxxxxxx with 'unsubscribe' in the Subject field or to administer your membership from a web page, go to: //www.freelists.org/webpage/si-list For help: si-list-request@xxxxxxxxxxxxx with 'help' in the Subject field List technical documents are available at: http://www.si-list.net List archives are viewable at: =20 //www.freelists.org/archives/si-list or at our remote archives: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/si-list/messages Old (prior to June 6, 2001) list archives are viewable at: http://www.qsl.net/wb6tpu =20 ------------------------------------------------------------------ To unsubscribe from si-list: si-list-request@xxxxxxxxxxxxx with 'unsubscribe' in the Subject field or to administer your membership from a web page, go to: //www.freelists.org/webpage/si-list For help: si-list-request@xxxxxxxxxxxxx with 'help' in the Subject field List technical documents are available at: http://www.si-list.net List archives are viewable at: //www.freelists.org/archives/si-list or at our remote archives: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/si-list/messages Old (prior to June 6, 2001) list archives are viewable at: http://www.qsl.net/wb6tpu