Hi Neo, Here is a simple technical trick. If you expect that your line has nearly ideal termination, and if your S-parameters are normalized accordingly (you mentioned that you analyze Sdd21) then, yes, this component should be close to the line's propagation function. It is true that relative contribution from skin and dielectric losses is not very prominent: log(G(s)) = sqrt((sL + sqrt(s)*Rs)*(sC + G(s))), therefore as you see it is dominated by s*sqrt(L*C). Try to exclude this component by multiplying the propagation function on an "inverse" or negative delay operator: Exp(+s*sqrt(L0*C0)). Select the parameters L0 and C0 conservatively, so as not to exceed group delay with losses. Typically, you should select L0, C0 a few percent smaller than you would expect in the loss-less mode. The result of multiplication should therefore remain causal. You will find the effect of group delay variation more visible then, after you remove the largest portion of the delay. Vladimir Neo neoflash2008@xxxxxxxxx wrote: Subject: [SI-LIST] Re: Group Delay of FR4 Trace HI, I realized that with the large delay from channel transmission line, the group delay distortion is not very visible since the distortion is at ps level while the trace delay is on the order of ns. I should figure out a way to split them to get a better view. Regards, Neo ------------------------------------------------------------------ To unsubscribe from si-list: si-list-request@xxxxxxxxxxxxx with 'unsubscribe' in the Subject field or to administer your membership from a web page, go to: //www.freelists.org/webpage/si-list For help: si-list-request@xxxxxxxxxxxxx with 'help' in the Subject field List technical documents are available at: http://www.si-list.net List archives are viewable at: //www.freelists.org/archives/si-list or at our remote archives: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/si-list/messages Old (prior to June 6, 2001) list archives are viewable at: http://www.qsl.net/wb6tpu