Ashish, The series resistance of a crystal mainly depends on the: * Resonant mode used. * Cut (angle of the crystal slab versus the crystal axes). * Operation at the fundamental frequency versus at an overtone. From Table 11-4 in my book Robust Electronic Design Reference Book, Volume 1: Cut Range of R1, in ohms ------------------- -------------------- +2 degrees X 8 to 300,000 +5 degrees X 800 to 6,000 AT, fundamental 3 to 2,500 AT, 3rd Overtone 30 to 100 AT, 5th Overtone 40 to 190 AT, 7th Overtone 80 to 190 AT, 9th Overtone 200 to 250 AT, nth overtone 3 to 1,500 BT, fundamental 11 to 200 BT, 3rd Overtone to 150 DT 800 to 5,000 GT 1,500 to 2,500 JT 10,000 to 200,000 NT 8,000 to 125,000 P 2,500 to 3,000 SL 500 to 3,500 Tuning Fork 8 to 300,000 XY 10,000 to 75,000 X-Y Bar 10,000 to 75,000 Ceramic Resonator 4.8 to 150 Some oscillator circuits just may not work with certain types of crystals, especially at frequencies below 100kHz or so. John Barnes KS4GL, PE, NCE, ESDC Eng, PSE, SM IEEE dBi Corporation http://www.dbicorporation.com/ ------------------------------------------------------------------ To unsubscribe from si-list: si-list-request@xxxxxxxxxxxxx with 'unsubscribe' in the Subject field or to administer your membership from a web page, go to: //www.freelists.org/webpage/si-list For help: si-list-request@xxxxxxxxxxxxx with 'help' in the Subject field List FAQ wiki page is located at: http://si-list.org/wiki/wiki.pl?Si-List_FAQ List technical documents are available at: http://www.si-list.org List archives are viewable at: //www.freelists.org/archives/si-list or at our remote archives: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/si-list/messages Old (prior to June 6, 2001) list archives are viewable at: http://www.qsl.net/wb6tpu