A step generates broad band "noise". The 3 dB point of that noise is related to the risetime of the step, the faster the step the wider the bandwidth. BW = 0.35/risetime is a good approximation of the bandwidth of the energy. The step is what determines the current peak demand, how the aggressor will couple into victims and at what length traces become transmission lines. The clock frequency sets up the series of harmonics that form the square wave used as the clock. Any time you have a regular waveform you will see the fundamental and its Fourier series as peaks in the radiated emissions. The risetime will let you know how far out in frequency there are significant harmonic. Tom Dagostino Teraspeed Consulting Group LLC 503-430-1065 tom@xxxxxxxxxxxxx www.teraspeed.com -----Original Message----- From: si-list-bounce@xxxxxxxxxxxxx [mailto:si-list-bounce@xxxxxxxxxxxxx]On Behalf Of Murphy Jack-MGI2488 Sent: Wednesday, September 01, 2004 8:06 AM To: si-list@xxxxxxxxxxxxx Subject: [SI-LIST] Re: 90 degree bend -links If noise generated on a plane or trace is a function of pulse rise time and not the signal frequency then why do the EMC test labs ask for clock frequencies before testing? EMI testers usually try to trace narrow band radiated emissions to harmonics of a clock. Thanks in advance, Jack -----Original Message----- From: si-list-bounce@xxxxxxxxxxxxx [mailto:si-list-bounce@xxxxxxxxxxxxx]On Behalf Of Senthil Velmurugan Sent: Tuesday, August 31, 2004 9:30 PM To: si-list@xxxxxxxxxxxxx Subject: [SI-LIST] 90 degree bend -links Some articles link http://www.omnigraph.com/subpages/articles2/frame.html?article=3Dcorner.h= t ml =20 http://www.ultracad.com/90deg.pdf http://www.ultracad.com/flying.htm Thanks Senthil ------------------------------------------------------------------ To unsubscribe from si-list: si-list-request@xxxxxxxxxxxxx with 'unsubscribe' in the Subject field or to administer your membership from a web page, go to: //www.freelists.org/webpage/si-list For help: si-list-request@xxxxxxxxxxxxx with 'help' in the Subject field List FAQ wiki page is located at: http://si-list.org/wiki/wiki.pl?Si-List_FAQ List technical documents are available at: http://www.si-list.org List archives are viewable at: //www.freelists.org/archives/si-list or at our remote archives: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/si-list/messages Old (prior to June 6, 2001) list archives are viewable at: http://www.qsl.net/wb6tpu ------------------------------------------------------------------ To unsubscribe from si-list: si-list-request@xxxxxxxxxxxxx with 'unsubscribe' in the Subject field or to administer your membership from a web page, go to: //www.freelists.org/webpage/si-list For help: si-list-request@xxxxxxxxxxxxx with 'help' in the Subject field List FAQ wiki page is located at: http://si-list.org/wiki/wiki.pl?Si-List_FAQ List technical documents are available at: http://www.si-list.org List archives are viewable at: //www.freelists.org/archives/si-list or at our remote archives: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/si-list/messages Old (prior to June 6, 2001) list archives are viewable at: http://www.qsl.net/wb6tpu ------------------------------------------------------------------ To unsubscribe from si-list: si-list-request@xxxxxxxxxxxxx with 'unsubscribe' in the Subject field or to administer your membership from a web page, go to: //www.freelists.org/webpage/si-list For help: si-list-request@xxxxxxxxxxxxx with 'help' in the Subject field List FAQ wiki page is located at: http://si-list.org/wiki/wiki.pl?Si-List_FAQ List technical documents are available at: http://www.si-list.org List archives are viewable at: //www.freelists.org/archives/si-list or at our remote archives: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/si-list/messages Old (prior to June 6, 2001) list archives are viewable at: http://www.qsl.net/wb6tpu