I have a friend of mine how has been a wolf expert since the 60's - she's raised them, travelled with them and continues doing wolf education. this is what she sent me in regards to breeding cycles of the wolves. see below Judy in MN *quote* "I might have some good reproduction articles too but basically heat and breed only once a year.. used to say female had to be 2 years old, but then found some came in as early as 10 months. Should I check out articles for you? .. what are they discussing? Not much different then dogs... Usually the further north you go breeding season is later .. primarily because if she has pups too early up way up north she can't dig out a den...frozen ground.. basically April - May breeding June- July pups born. Several females in a pack may be able to breed but only the alpha female does (always some rare exceptions to the rule but this is the most probable reason.... if too many pups born to a pack they can't feed them... all pretty common sense on the part of nature. The alpha female is quite aggressive about stopping the other females from mating. High tension in pack during breeding season. Males croon, howl, moon over female Ha Ha .. but SHE runs the show and will not mate till she is darn ready. K" ============================================================================ POST is Copyrighted 2006. All material remains the property of the original author and of GSD Communication, Inc. NO REPRODUCTIONS or FORWARDS of any kind are permitted without prior permission of the original author AND of the Showgsd-l Management. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. ALL PERSONS ARE ON NOTICE THAT THE FORWARDING, REPRODUCTION OR USE IN ANY MANNER OF ANY MATERIAL WHICH APPEARS ON SHOWGSD-L WITHOUT THE EXPRESS PERMISSION OF ALL PARTIES TO THE POST AND THE LIST MANAGEMENT IS EXPRESSLY FORBIDDEN, AND IS A VIOLATION OF LAW. VIOLATORS OF THIS PROHIBITION WILL BE PROSECUTED. For assistance, please contact the List Management at admin@xxxxxxxxxxxx VISIT OUR WEBSITE - URL temporarily deleted due to AOL issues ============================================================================