Liz, My undergraduate major / Bachelor's degree is in Anthropology. Your conclusions below are based on an incorrect premise - specifically, = there is no basis to conclude that people of African origin more closely resemble each other visually than do people of Asian origin, or people of Scandanavian origin, or people of Native America origin, or most other = major ethic groups. The supposedly disparate phenotype to genotype ratio conclusion which you reach is not based on science. Naturally, = numerically, some ethnic group would have to have the most diverse DNA, and it makes perfect sense that that would be African people, since it is in Africa = that homo sapiens first developed, therefore African people have the largest number of human ancestors. From the archetypical humans who evolved in Africa, after dispersal to other parts of the globe and the relative limitations in breeding partners due to geographic isolation, combined = with relatively more extreme environmental factors (temperature, aridity, = lack of sunlight), the other ethic groups evolved. =20 Purely by laws of statistics and probability, the more similar the phenotypical manifestations of individuals, the higher the liklihood of genotypical similarity. Margery Golant=20 -----Original Message----- From: showgsd-l-@xxxxxxxxxxxxx [mailto:showgsd-l-@xxxxxxxxxxxxx] On = Behalf Of RckyIizard@xxxxxxx Sent: Friday, January 07, 2005 5:10 PM To: showgsd-l@xxxxxxxxxxxxx Subject: [ SHOWGSD-L ] Re: explanation of my post on Yasko In a message dated 1/7/2005 2:55:53 PM Mountain Standard Time,=20 Gsdman2@xxxxxxx writes: In fact, phenotypical uniformity in the=20 GSD is virtually non existent when compared to many other breeds. = Since=20 phenotype is the expression of genotype, how is this possible if they=20 actually are=20 lacking genetic diversity? =20 --------------------------------------------- I can answer this one, Tom <grin> One of my university degrees is in=20 anthropology. One of the terrific tools in our quest as anthropology students to=20 understand peoples and their origins has been...DNA! Using this tool, = we have=20 found that peoples of African origin--despite being able to look at a = person of=20 African origin and tell, from their phenotype, that Africa was their = place of=20 origin--have the GREATEST diversity in their DNA. Just like your = statement: "On the other hand, the German type is so strong that GSDs bred in = Germany =20 are easily identified. They definitely more closely resemble each other = =20 than American dogs resemble each other" The same applies to human = beings of African origin. They resemble each other more than they do people with other=20 origins. Their LOOKS have positively nothing to do with the diversity, = or lack=20 thereof, in their DNA...because quite simply very few genes have to do = with=20 appearance--skin color, eye color, hair color and texture, size, etc. = The vast=20 majority of what you get in someone's (or a dog's) DNA isn't visible to = the=20 naked eye. Sorry, your "they look alike so they must have be closely related" and = its=20 converse "they don't look alike so they can't be that closely related" = is a=20 pure, simple mistaken conclusion. Liz in Utah Visit my website at http://hometown.aol.com/rckyiizard/index.html=20 =3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D= =3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D= =3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D= =3D POST is Copyrighted 2004. All material remains the property of the = original author and of GSD Communication, Inc. NO REPRODUCTIONS or FORWARDS of = any kind are permitted without prior permission of the original author AND = of the Showgsd-l Management. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.=20 ALL PERSONS ARE ON NOTICE THAT THE FORWARDING, REPRODUCTION OR USE IN = ANY MANNER OF ANY MATERIAL WHICH APPEARS ON SHOWGSD-L WITHOUT THE EXPRESS PERMISSION OF ALL PARTIES TO THE POST AND THE LIST MANAGEMENT IS = EXPRESSLY FORBIDDEN, AND IS A VIOLATION OF LAW. VIOLATORS OF THIS PROHIBITION WILL = BE PROSECUTED.=20 For assistance, please contact the List Management at admin@xxxxxxxxxxxx VISIT OUR WEBSITE - http://www.showgsd.org=20 =3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D= =3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D= =3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D= =3D ============================================================================ POST is Copyrighted 2004. All material remains the property of the original author and of GSD Communication, Inc. NO REPRODUCTIONS or FORWARDS of any kind are permitted without prior permission of the original author AND of the Showgsd-l Management. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. ALL PERSONS ARE ON NOTICE THAT THE FORWARDING, REPRODUCTION OR USE IN ANY MANNER OF ANY MATERIAL WHICH APPEARS ON SHOWGSD-L WITHOUT THE EXPRESS PERMISSION OF ALL PARTIES TO THE POST AND THE LIST MANAGEMENT IS EXPRESSLY FORBIDDEN, AND IS A VIOLATION OF LAW. VIOLATORS OF THIS PROHIBITION WILL BE PROSECUTED. For assistance, please contact the List Management at admin@xxxxxxxxxxxx VISIT OUR WEBSITE - http://www.showgsd.org ============================================================================