In a message dated 1/7/2005 2:55:53 PM Mountain Standard Time, Gsdman2@xxxxxxx writes: In fact, phenotypical uniformity in the GSD is virtually non existent when compared to many other breeds. Since phenotype is the expression of genotype, how is this possible if they actually are lacking genetic diversity? --------------------------------------------- I can answer this one, Tom <grin> One of my university degrees is in anthropology. One of the terrific tools in our quest as anthropology students to understand peoples and their origins has been...DNA! Using this tool, we have found that peoples of African origin--despite being able to look at a person of African origin and tell, from their phenotype, that Africa was their place of origin--have the GREATEST diversity in their DNA. Just like your statement: "On the other hand, the German type is so strong that GSDs bred in Germany are easily identified. They definitely more closely resemble each other than American dogs resemble each other" The same applies to human beings of African origin. They resemble each other more than they do people with other origins. Their LOOKS have positively nothing to do with the diversity, or lack thereof, in their DNA...because quite simply very few genes have to do with appearance--skin color, eye color, hair color and texture, size, etc. The vast majority of what you get in someone's (or a dog's) DNA isn't visible to the naked eye. Sorry, your "they look alike so they must have be closely related" and its converse "they don't look alike so they can't be that closely related" is a pure, simple mistaken conclusion. Liz in Utah Visit my website at http://hometown.aol.com/rckyiizard/index.html ============================================================================ POST is Copyrighted 2004. All material remains the property of the original author and of GSD Communication, Inc. NO REPRODUCTIONS or FORWARDS of any kind are permitted without prior permission of the original author AND of the Showgsd-l Management. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. ALL PERSONS ARE ON NOTICE THAT THE FORWARDING, REPRODUCTION OR USE IN ANY MANNER OF ANY MATERIAL WHICH APPEARS ON SHOWGSD-L WITHOUT THE EXPRESS PERMISSION OF ALL PARTIES TO THE POST AND THE LIST MANAGEMENT IS EXPRESSLY FORBIDDEN, AND IS A VIOLATION OF LAW. VIOLATORS OF THIS PROHIBITION WILL BE PROSECUTED. For assistance, please contact the List Management at admin@xxxxxxxxxxxx VISIT OUR WEBSITE - http://www.showgsd.org ============================================================================