Actually in dogs 95%+ cases of stones and/or crystals in the urine are caused by bacterial infections. The crystals are formed by a change in urinary pH that is caused by the by-products of bacterial multiplication. Usually in the case of crystals you put them on antibiotics and the crystals go away as the infection clears. The stones are caused by long term crystal presence - and yes they are laden with bacteria. The outer surface is porous and holds bacteria away from antibacterial therapy. There are many different types of stones - all caused by different minerals - if the pH drops in the urine below 6 you will get calcium stones, above 7 and you get triple phosphate. To make things worse you can get one type of stone surrounded by another type of stone. We send all stones away for analysis to make sure that we are treating them properly as well we always send away a small piece of bladder wall mucosa for a culture + sensitivity so that we treat the infection proper ly. Our last dog had a Pseudomonas infection and has been on Baytril so far for 4 weeks post surgery to remove the stones. My hubby had kidney stones a year or so ago - the urologist said that people form stones from diet related issues. He was supposed to cut out anything causing oxalates - hmm.. bacon, coffee, beats, chocolate.... :-) Each type of stone would be specific to the causes in people. Hope this helps, Sarah - vet tech khyalr_creek@xxxxxxxx Elsyd1@xxxxxxx wrote: Hmm...I have had over 30 stones, and they were caused by calcium and other minerals, very prevalent in areas of hard water. Never was it even suggested that they were caused by infection. They can CAUSE infection however, but that is another problem. Syd --------------------------------- Find your next car at Yahoo! Canada Autos ============================================================================ POST is Copyrighted 2005. All material remains the property of the original author and of GSD Communication, Inc. NO REPRODUCTIONS or FORWARDS of any kind are permitted without prior permission of the original author AND of the Showgsd-l Management. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. ALL PERSONS ARE ON NOTICE THAT THE FORWARDING, REPRODUCTION OR USE IN ANY MANNER OF ANY MATERIAL WHICH APPEARS ON SHOWGSD-L WITHOUT THE EXPRESS PERMISSION OF ALL PARTIES TO THE POST AND THE LIST MANAGEMENT IS EXPRESSLY FORBIDDEN, AND IS A VIOLATION OF LAW. VIOLATORS OF THIS PROHIBITION WILL BE PROSECUTED. For assistance, please contact the List Management at admin@xxxxxxxxxxxx VISIT OUR WEBSITE - http://www.showgsd.org ============================================================================