Having recently faced the seizure issue I have done as much reading and research as is humanly possible. Unfortunately with epilepsy (human or canine) there isn't much that can be done. With Canine epilepsy it's diagnosed as epilepsy when all other causes have been ruled out. The general theory is that if the dog is under 1 yr then seizures are probably trauma related (stepped on in whelping box, injury from other things) or a possible developmental issue. If the dog is over 3 to 5 yrs of age they start looking for tumors, cancer etc. When the dog is between 1 to 3 the only real tests that can be done are blood work to determine if there is possibly any other cause. Toxicology tests if there is a possibility the dog got into something. Complete Thyroid panel, liver function tests (normally done before phenobarb is given). It is believed that if the seizures start in that age group it's probably inherited epilepsy. They don't know for sure how it's inherited, some believe it's an auto-somal recessive gene. The dog may only have one seizure in his life time, it can progress to a few seizures all the way to constant grand mal seizures. There are also various types of seizures. Sometimes they can be maintained on phenobarbital sometimes they have break through seizures and phenobarb doesn't hold them. Our vet has had success treating milder seizures with accupuncture, prior to ever giving phenobarb. It's a horrible disease, one that we should put more research into. A doctor who has done some research says he believes the money should be spent on canine research because of the linebreeding/inbreeding it would be easier to track the heritability than in humans. Have your friend email me if they would like. I'm more than happy to share any info I have. Dee Lauffer ============================================================================ POST is Copyrighted 2005. All material remains the property of the original author and of GSD Communication, Inc. NO REPRODUCTIONS or FORWARDS of any kind are permitted without prior permission of the original author AND of the Showgsd-l Management. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. ALL PERSONS ARE ON NOTICE THAT THE FORWARDING, REPRODUCTION OR USE IN ANY MANNER OF ANY MATERIAL WHICH APPEARS ON SHOWGSD-L WITHOUT THE EXPRESS PERMISSION OF ALL PARTIES TO THE POST AND THE LIST MANAGEMENT IS EXPRESSLY FORBIDDEN, AND IS A VIOLATION OF LAW. VIOLATORS OF THIS PROHIBITION WILL BE PROSECUTED. For assistance, please contact the List Management at admin@xxxxxxxxxxxx VISIT OUR WEBSITE - http://www.showgsd.org ============================================================================