Just an opinion from my vet. He never believes in starting (inducing?) labor until after the first pup has been delivered. This way, you know she can pass it. If you do, and there is a pup who could get stuck in the canal, it could jeopardize the whole litter, not to mention cause problems for the bitch. Small litters don't necessarily equate with c-sections. I guess whether or not a section is necessary, that can be a judgement call on you and your vet. There are factors to consider. Is this her first litter, being one of them, age(not always a factor but one to consider) and has she had trouble in the past. These aren't the only things, I'm sure and there are probably folks who had one or more things happen without, but if there is a problem, please do check with your vet. I've seen sections done on the bitch for remaining pups if they were way too big for passing and the bitch was distressed or she lost inertia. So, unless there is some underlying factor or problem, automatically opting for a c-section is not the way to go. But, bitch safety and concern are what counts here. For what it is worth. "Do Right and Fear No One" --from the Stephanitz Family Crest ============================================================================ POST is Copyrighted 2005. All material remains the property of the original author and of GSD Communication, Inc. NO REPRODUCTIONS or FORWARDS of any kind are permitted without prior permission of the original author AND of the Showgsd-l Management. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. ALL PERSONS ARE ON NOTICE THAT THE FORWARDING, REPRODUCTION OR USE IN ANY MANNER OF ANY MATERIAL WHICH APPEARS ON SHOWGSD-L WITHOUT THE EXPRESS PERMISSION OF ALL PARTIES TO THE POST AND THE LIST MANAGEMENT IS EXPRESSLY FORBIDDEN, AND IS A VIOLATION OF LAW. VIOLATORS OF THIS PROHIBITION WILL BE PROSECUTED. For assistance, please contact the List Management at admin@xxxxxxxxxxxx VISIT OUR WEBSITE - http://www.showgsd.org ============================================================================