Lord knows that the better hipped dogs will produce a larger percentage of good hips. There is NO complete answer, but we all should keep trying. I think people make a mistake in believing a Fair rating is good enough...Many Fair ratings at 2 years will be dysplastic readings by 5 years. This is why at the National you see veteran dogs limping when they were declared normal at 2 years...I believe the ONLY way to secure a reading is to repeat the x-rays at 5 years...My data shows most dogs that remain good at 5 years, are carrying fewer genes for dysplasia than a dog certified at 2 years. Dysplasia is the result of joint laxity. If the bal.l does not ride deep into the socket, with 3mm or less of joint laxity..You are not dealing with a genetically normal dog regardless of the ofa. reading. Up to 15+ percent of the dogs fall into this situation...Good at two years, but there may be 4 or 5 mm looseness, that will not express itself for up to 5 years. Environmental stress (over activity) will have literally no adverse affect on a hip with 3mm or less laxity...BUT the sneakers that X-ray normal at 2 , but have 4 or 5 mm looseness, will with environmental stress cause deterioration. There are exception to all rules in nature...My studies showed my results are 98% correct. There will be people on the line whom will jump at the chance to prove me wrong with their individual case...So be it... My findings of the 3mm laxity being normal, was established here in 1975...Being poor and not having the means to have these results published in a Veterinary Journal, led me to wait till the same results were established by PennHipp....I was just 20 years ahead of them. The only real way to establish your dogs hip producing ability is thru progeny testing...breed and see what happens...BUT do NOT depend on a 2 year diagnosis by OFA...You will be much further ahead to spend a little money at 4 1/2 months and get a Penn Hip...it will be accurate. Chuck Kruger dvm www.dockruger.com ============================================================================ POST is Copyrighted 2004. All material remains the property of the original author and of GSD Communication, Inc. NO REPRODUCTIONS or FORWARDS of any kind are permitted without prior permission of the original author AND of the Showgsd-l Management. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. ALL PERSONS ARE ON NOTICE THAT THE FORWARDING, REPRODUCTION OR USE IN ANY MANNER OF ANY MATERIAL WHICH APPEARS ON SHOWGSD-L WITHOUT THE EXPRESS PERMISSION OF ALL PARTIES TO THE POST AND THE LIST MANAGEMENT IS EXPRESSLY FORBIDDEN, AND IS A VIOLATION OF LAW. VIOLATORS OF THIS PROHIBITION WILL BE PROSECUTED. For assistance, please contact the List Management at admin@xxxxxxxxxxxx VISIT OUR WEBSITE - http://www.showgsd.org ============================================================================