This site gives some insight into the testing.
https://www.magsr.org/GSDDM%20copy.pdf
Theresa
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On Tue, 11/10/15, Kim McNamara <klite3gsd@xxxxxxxxx> wrote:
A co-owner
recently did the OFA DM test and this additional information
was included with his results. Two dogs testing normal
have been later confirmed to have DM, and DM has been
confirmed in "a few" carrier dogs.
Kim - Kimberlite
Explanation of results:
NORMAL (N/N): This dog is homozygous N/N for the
mutation that is the most common cause of DM, with two
normal copies of the gene. Among the hundreds of dogs
studied so far at the University of Missouri, only two dogs
with test results of N/N (Normal) have been confirmed to
have DM. This dog can only transmit the normal gene to its
offspring, and it is unlikely that this dog or its offspring
will ever develop DM.
CARRIER (A/N): This dog is heterozygous A/N, with
one mutated copy of the gene and one normal copy of the
gene, and is classified as a carrier. Carriers are far less
likely to develop DM, but we have confirmed DM in a few
carrier dogs. They may be used carefully in breeding
programs to keep their good qualities while reducing risk of
DM in future generations.
AT-RISK (A/A): This dog is homozygous A/A, with
two mutated copies of the gene, and is at risk for
developing Degenerative Myelopathy (DM). Although almost all
dogs in the research study with confirmed DM have had A/A
DNA test results, recent evidence suggest that there are
other causes of DM in some breeds. In addition, not all dogs
testing as A/A have shown clinical signs of DM. DM is
typically a late onset disease, and dogs testing as A/A that
are clinically normal may still begin to show signs of the
disease as they age. Some dogs testing A/A did not begin to
show clinical signs of DM until they were 15 years of age.
Research is ongoing to estimate what percentage of dogs
testing as A/A will develop DM within their lifespan. At
this point, the mutation can only be interpreted as being at
risk of developing DM within the animal’s life. For dogs
showing clinical signs with a presumptive diagnosis of DM,
affected (A/A) test results can be used as an additional
tool to aid in the diagnosis of DM. Dogs testing At-Risk
(A/A) can only pass the mutated gene on to their
offspring.
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