Forty-some years ago I was an operator in an electronic monitoring station in a remote area of the world. Our mission was to detect nuclear events to check compliance with the nuclear test ban treaty and to find out who else got nuclear weapon technology. It was very top secret at the time but has been unclassified now. This was before GPS and satellite monitoring and involved several different technologies to detect the unique signature of a nuclear explosion. It was critical that we knew the precise time at our station and all the other stations to pinpoint the location of the detonation. Every few months a two-man team would fly out with a cesium beam clock which had been calibrated at the National Bureau of Standards. They would buy a ticket for a seat on the plane for the clock. Our clock at the station had some lesser technology but was still extremely accurate. It would be synced with the cesium beam clock. I remember being impressed with the value of the traveling clock and the care given it. Allan Eric: Wikipedia is right about the Cesium 133 clocks is establishing the time standard yet since the UTC is the time standard for the world and it is still based on Cesium 133 clocks and then it is valid the second definition from 1967 based on Cesium 133. Strontium and other elements clocks are more exact than the clocks based on Cesium 133, however this fact has sterted to be demonstrated a few years ago and it will still take a long time before these clock become and international standard, they are useful for some specific purposes but regarding the universal and general time measurement Cesiem 133 is still the rule. BTW, Wikipedia is a great tool IMO.- Carlos --- Rollei List - Post to rollei_list@xxxxxxxxxxxxx - Subscribe at rollei_list-request@xxxxxxxxxxxxx with 'subscribe' in the subject field OR by logging into www.freelists.org - Unsubscribe at rollei_list-request@xxxxxxxxxxxxx with 'unsubscribe' in the subject field OR by logging into www.freelists.org - Online, searchable archives are available at //www.freelists.org/archives/rollei_list