Thanks, Octavian and Pratik, for helping me understand the difference between a web application framework and content management system. below I have pasted excerpts from the Wikipedia page referenced by Octavian that indicate a blurring of the line between such technologies. I take the point, however, that they start with different philosophies and different ends of a programming spectrum. Besides Drupal, are there other content management systems that folks have found highly usable, both from the perspective of a blind developer and user? I notice that Drupal uses PHP for customizations done by programming. So, I suppose one's language preferences are a factor as well. Regards, Jamal [From Wikipedia] Some self-described content management systems have begun to expand into higher layer web application frameworks. For instance, Drupal 's structure provides a minimal core whose function is extended through modules that provide functions generally associated with web application frameworks. Joomla and Plone have similar functionality. Historically these projects have been termed content management systems . However, it is debatable whether "management of content" is the primary value of such systems. Add-on modules now enable these systems to function as full fledged applications beyond the scope of content management. They may provide functional APIs, functional frameworks, coding standards, and many of the functions traditionally associated with Web application frameworks. ... software projects like MODx, Drupal, Joomla or Typo3 have begun to morph from web content management systems to a higher layer web application framework. Their structure generally provides a minimal core whose function is extended through modules that provide functions generally associated with web application frameworks. As open source projects, their communities contribute many modules (for example, Drupal has over 1,000 such modules and Typo3 more than 2,500). Use of these CMS's core+modules constitutes a method for assembling a website with a broad range of application features without actually doing any PHP-level coding. __________ View the list's information and change your settings at //www.freelists.org/list/programmingblind