Ah, just tripped over something else.... If lets say Class1 is in package1 and Class 1 is public then its scope is what Java says is less than public because you can only really create a private instance of Class1.... Now, lets say we have Class2 in package1 and the class is neither public or private it's a default class. class Class2 { } ...now Class2 is only visible with in package1.... Therefore private to package1.... My question is: Why even bother with a private class unless of course you are writing a private class with in a public or more over with in the default class.... Jimmy says it's time to go home. Jim -----Original Message----- From: program-l-bounce@xxxxxxxxxxxxx [mailto:program-l-bounce@xxxxxxxxxxxxx] On Behalf Of J. R. Westmoreland Sent: November 28, 2008 15:57 To: program-l@xxxxxxxxxxxxx Subject: [program-l] Re: Java Maybe they should have called Main "global" since it is a special case. <smile> I recall reading a comment in a book somewhere that said, "Main is a special case of a public class in java." Maybe that fits better? <smile> Regards, J. R. -------------------- J. R. Westmoreland E-mail: jr@xxxxxxx -----Original Message----- From: program-l-bounce@xxxxxxxxxxxxx [mailto:program-l-bounce@xxxxxxxxxxxxx] Sent: Friday, November 28, 2008 1:53 PM To: program-l@xxxxxxxxxxxxx Subject: [program-l] Re: Java JR: I see this, you see this, and Mark see's this.... But when you have a turnip who's all ears and says wait a minute if the class is public and the Main is also public then why is the first class less then public and on and on it goes. I just find it odd that Sun would have broken such a common concept. After all there were psychologists as part of the development team employed to sort out issues such as this. One of the prime directives of the creaters of Java was to keep the language simple. Anyway, just my few cents on the topic. Jim -----Original Message----- From: program-l-bounce@xxxxxxxxxxxxx [mailto:program-l-bounce@xxxxxxxxxxxxx] On Behalf Of J. R. Westmoreland Sent: November 28, 2008 15:37 To: program-l@xxxxxxxxxxxxx Subject: [program-l] Re: Java Hence, main is the class that is called at startup. Therefore, it is the ultimate public class, you could say. Example1 is a class which can be imported and used by other packages/classes but can't be called by itself. Thus, Example1 can be instangiated as an object with a Set and Get method to its internals. Finally, Main is the entry point to the project. It is like main() in C/C++ and whatever they call the routine that gets control as the global entry point in VB. J. R. -------------------- J. R. Westmoreland E-mail: jr@xxxxxxx -----Original Message----- From: program-l-bounce@xxxxxxxxxxxxx [mailto:program-l-bounce@xxxxxxxxxxxxx] Sent: Friday, November 28, 2008 6:22 AM To: program-l@xxxxxxxxxxxxx Subject: [program-l] Re: Java David: Here is an example of a two class HelloWorld excersise. package main; /* * entry point of application * written by j. corbett * oct. 31, 2008 */ import ex1.Example1; public class Main { private static Example1 hw = null; public static void main(String[] args) { hw = new Example1(); System.out.println(hw.getHelloWorld()); } } // end of class ************* package ex1; public class Example1 { private String hw = "Hello World"; public Example1() { } public void setHelloWorld(String s) { hw = s; } public String getHelloWorld() { return hw; } } // end of class In this example class Main is the public interface to the project where as class HelloWorld although public is really less than public but not as far as private to the project. I'm trying to phrase this entire wad of belly button putty in a manner that explains the concept but doesn't leave a student scratching their head and saying "but wait isn't HelloWorld public". I suppose it's a matter of semantics. Jim -----Original Message----- From: program-l-bounce@xxxxxxxxxxxxx [mailto:program-l-bounce@xxxxxxxxxxxxx] On Behalf Of David Lant Sent: November 28, 2008 05:02 To: program-l@xxxxxxxxxxxxx Subject: [program-l] Re: Java Hi Jim, I don't know if the definitions of Public and otherwise coincide with those of VB and VS, but I look upon Public as being something that is accessible from outside the project. Anything else is not. Thus, Private is only accessible from within the component in which it resides. Friend, in VB terms, is only accessible within the project, but is accessible between components in the same project, and so on. David Lant Applications analyst Tel: (01392) 382464 -----Original Message----- From: program-l-bounce@xxxxxxxxxxxxx [mailto:program-l-bounce@xxxxxxxxxxxxx] On Behalf Of Corbett, James Sent: 27 November 2008 20:33 To: program-java@xxxxxxxxxxxxx Cc: program-l@xxxxxxxxxxxxx Subject: [program-l] Java ...sorry for the cross posting but I thought y'all would find this interesting. I understand the following statement, but how would you explain it to a newby.... "The java project file may only contain one public class but can contain multiple classes with less than public access." I'm wrestling with public verses private and now add less than public.... Time for a stiff drink of Southern Comfort. Jim James M. 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