>Why is the 8 bits good and 7 bits bad? >Is there any valid reason? > >-- Babu I once worked on a military contract. Since at the time it was difficult to switch charactersets in a database, I made very sure to ask if they will _ever_ need to use 8 bits. The predictable answer was, of course, "no, this is an American military system, everything in it will _always_ be in American English." Naturally, they wound up having to handle descriptions of things for allies, with various languages. There isn't a problem per se with storing 8 bit characters in a 7 bit characterset, assuming whatever is moving the data in and out handles it properly. Export/import is very friendly and smart, so it will handle character set conversions for you. So if you export out of the 7 bit database, and into an 8 bit character set database, your data will be changed. I saw one case where a product had used their own counting instead of sequences, so simply importing screwed up the data once it got to 8 bits. Nowadays Oracle includes tools with the character set changing stuff to allow you to see what might happen. http://www.garry.to -- //www.freelists.org/webpage/oracle-l