A. What Jonathan wrote already and Tanel's cool thing about tokenization and why some pretty weird things end up as legal syntax. B. Of course no one is advocating obscuring the meaning of the sql by leaving out the optional spaces. C. Chapter 3 of the SQL reference manual has all the documentation about specification of numeric literals. <snip> I get the impression that a trailing F or D on a number means "display as floating point or decimal" then the F/D is dropped and the A used as a label. I can't find this in the docs though. Works with strings as well but the F/D thing doesn't appear with strings. Doesn't work - for obvious reasons - with column names. Online also as http://qdosmsq.dunbar-it.co.uk/blog/2011/12/slightly-weird-oracle-stuff/ Cheers, Norm. -- Norman Dunbar Dunbar IT Consultants Ltd Registered address: Thorpe House 61 Richardshaw Lane Pudsey West Yorkshire United Kingdom LS28 7EL Company Number: 05132767 -- //www.freelists.org/webpage/oracle-l -- //www.freelists.org/webpage/oracle-l