List, > Was SQL/PSM even around when Oracle came up with PL/SQL? > > No, but does it matter? What bugs me is that Oracle shows no sign > of wanting to comply eventually. If you're like me, wondering what the heck SQL/PSM is, here is an article on it by Joe *Celko *http://www.dbmsmag.com/9701d06.html According to Joe, SQL/PSM is based on the Algol family of languages, which Ada, and therefore PL/SQL is based, according to my understanding. Oracle is not an alturistic organization, to say the least. Oracle isn't likely to promote a standard unless there is a competitive advantage. There are many would-be standards that never get enough popularity to catch on. If this has been around since 1996, well . . . . Dennis Williams