Jared, I agree partially, but not 100%. I find that with read-only data, it is often extremely useful to use temporary tables to 'pre-join' large tables that are frequently used in the application. This can significantly improve performance of queries. This is especially useful on multi-table joins with large tables that have range scans(likes and betweens in queries). Significantly cuts down logical IO. BTW, can someone post a link to the original article? The funny thing is that I have taken graduate level database classes and they are almost all theory. The professors I have had are all about normalization... Might be one of those 'University of <make up a name>' graduate schools that business use to try to make their courses sound more academic. ---------------------------------------------------------------- Please see the official ORACLE-L FAQ: http://www.orafaq.com ---------------------------------------------------------------- To unsubscribe send email to: oracle-l-request@xxxxxxxxxxxxx put 'unsubscribe' in the subject line. -- Archives are at //www.freelists.org/archives/oracle-l/ FAQ is at //www.freelists.org/help/fom-serve/cache/1.html -----------------------------------------------------------------