. . HISTORY: UNITED STATES: CIVIL WAR : TOURISM AND TRAVEL: ADJECTIVAL TOURISM AND NICHE TOURISM: HERITAGE TOURISM : UNITED STATES: GOVERNMENT: Study of Civil War Sites in the Shenandoah Valley of Virginia . . Study of Civil War Sites in the Shenandoah Valley of Virginia PURSUANT TO PUBLIC LAW 101-628 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR NATIONAL PARK SERVICE SEPTEMBER 1992 http://www.nps.gov/history/HPS/abpp/shenandoah/svs0-1.html . . TABLE OF CONTENTS . Study Team and Acknowledgments Executive Summary . PART ONE: OVERVIEW . 1. Introduction 2. Structure of the Report 3. Battlefield Selection 4. Study Concepts 5. Battlefield Resources 6. Archaeological Resources and Battlefield Burials 7. Surveying Battlefield Resources 8. Threats to Battlefield Resources Population Trends Loss of Agricultural Land 9. Private Ownership, Preservation, and Public Access 10. Summary . PART TWO: CIVIL WAR IN THE SHENANDOAH VALLEY, THE HISTORIC CONTEXT . 1. ``The Crossroads of Our Being...'' 2. Geography and Strategic Importance of the Valley Streams and Rivers Valley Turnpikes, Roads, and Gaps Valley Railroads 3. Overview of Military Strategy in the Shenandoah Valley 4. Valley Campaigns 1861-1865 Actions in 1861 Jackson's Valley Campaign (March-June 1862) Lee's Maryland Campaign (September 1862) Gettysburg Campaign (June-July 1863) Lynchburg Campaigns (May-June 1864) Early's Maryland Campaign (June-August 1864) Sheridan's Valley Campaign (August 1864-March 1865) 5. Valley Battlefields: The Magnitude of Conflict . PART THREE: SHENANDOAH VALLEY BATTLEFIELDS . 1. First Kernstown (23 March 1862) 2. McDowell (8 May 1862) 3. Front Royal (23 May 1862) 4. First Winchester (25 May 1862) 5. Cross Keys (8 June 1862) 6. Port Republic (9 June 1862) 7. Second Winchester (13-15 June 1863) 8. New Market (15 May 1864) 9. Piedmont (5 June 1864) 10. Cool Spring (18 July 1864) 11. Second Kernstown (24 July 1864) 12. Opequon or Third Winchester (19 September 1864) 13. Fisher's Hill (21-22 September 1864) 14. Tom's Brook (9 October 1864) 15. Cedar Creek (19 October 1864) . PART FOUR: BATTLEFIELD INTEGRITY, THREAT, RISK, AND RELATIVE SIGNIFICANCE . 1. Field Survey of Battlefield Integrity 2. GIS Analysis of Battlefield Integrity 3. Relative Importance of the Battlefields 4. Threat Assessment 5. Risk Classification 6. Preservation and Interpretation Potential 7. Summary . PART FIVE: HERITAGE TOURISM . 1. Heritage Tourism 2. Heritage Tourism Revenue Potential 3. The Valley's Tourism Infrastructure 4. Attitudes of County Planners Toward Developing Tourism 5. The Potential for State Assistance in Promoting Tourism 6. Conclusion . PART SIX: ALTERNATIVES TO PRESERVATION AND INTERPRETATION . 1. Background 2. Preservation Priorities 3. Alternatives I. No Action, Continuation of Status Quo II. Enhanced Public Funding and Technical Assistance III. Creation of One or More Affiliated Areas of the National Park SystemIV. Acquisition of Selected Battlefields for a Unit of the National Park System with Satellite Areas
V. Acquisition of 15 Battlefields as a Unit of the National Park System 4. Conclusion . BIBLIOGRAPHY AND MAP SOURCES . LIST OF FIGURES . Figure 1. Shenandoah Valley Study Battlefields Figure 2. The Shenandoah Valley, Jackson's 1862 CampaignFigure 3. Population of Shenandoah Valley Virginia Counties and Independent Cities (1860-2020)
Figure 4. Approximate Population Density Per Square Mile Figure 5. Agricultural Land, Shenandoah Valley Virginia CountiesFigure 6. Battlefields, Showing Public Access, Estimated Number of Landowners, and Acres in Preservation
Figure 7. A Chronology of Armed Conflict in the Shenandoah Valley Figure 8. Historic Features of the Lower Valley Figure 9. Historic Features of the Upper Valley Figure 10. Battles Ranked by Estimated Number of Troops Engaged Figure 11. Battles Ranked by Estimated Number of Fatalities Figure 12. Battles Ranked by Estimated Combined Attrition Figure 13. Field-Survey Ranking of Battlefield Integrity Figure 14. GIS Ranking of Battlefield IntegrityFigure 15. Battlefield Core Areas: Comparison of Field Survey and GIS Integrity Assessments
Figure 16. Summary of Battlefield Size and Rankings Figure 17. Level of Threat to the Valley's Battlefields Figure 18. Risk Categories: Summary of Integrity and Threat Figure 19. Summary of Risk Categories and Preservation ToolsFigure 20. Preservation and Interpretation Activities for Battlefields in the Shenandoah Valley
Figure 21. Criteria for Parklands Figure 22. Cost Estimates for Alternatives I-IV . LIST OF TABLES . Table A. Shenandoah Valley, 1973 Land Use/Land Cover Table 1. First Kernstown, Land Use/Land Cover 1991 Table 2. McDowell, Land Use/Land Cover 1991 Table 3. Front Royal, Land Use/Land Cover 1991 Table 4. First Winchester, Land Use/Land Cover 1991 Table 5. Cross Keys, Land Use/Land Cover 1991 Table 6. Port Republic, Land Use/Land Cover 1991 Table 7. Second Winchester, Land Use/Land Cover 1991 Table 8. New Market, Land Use/Land Cover 1991 Table 9. Piedmont, Land Use/Land Cover 1991 Table 10. Cool Spring, Land Use/Land Cover 1991 Table 11. Second Kernstown, Land Use/Land Cover 1991 Table 12. Opequon, Land Use/Land Cover 1991 Table 13. Fisher's Hill, Land Use/Land Cover 1991 Table 14. Tom's Brook, Land Use/Land Cover 1991 . . The complete document may be read at the URL above. . . Sincerely, David Dillard Temple University (215) 204 - 4584 jwne@xxxxxxxxxx http://daviddillard.businesscard2.com Net-Gold http://groups.yahoo.com/group/net-gold http://listserv.temple.edu/archives/net-gold.html Index: http://tinyurl.com/myxb4w http://groups.google.com/group/net-gold?hl=en General Internet & Print Resources http://guides.temple.edu/general-internet COUNTRIES http://guides.temple.edu/general-country-info EMPLOYMENT http://guides.temple.edu/EMPLOYMENT TOURISM http://guides.temple.edu/tourism DISABILITIES http://guides.temple.edu/DISABILITIES INDOOR GARDENING http://tech.groups.yahoo.com/group/IndoorGardeningUrban/ Educator-Gold http://groups.yahoo.com/group/Educator-Gold/ K12ADMINLIFE http://groups.yahoo.com/group/K12AdminLIFE/ The Russell Conwell Learning Center Research Guide: THE COLLEGE LEARNING CENTER http://tinyurl.com/yae7w79 Nina Dillard's Photographs on Net-Gold http://tinyurl.com/36qd2o and also http://gallery.me.com/neemers1 http://www.flickr.com/photos/neemers/ Twitter: davidpdillard Bushell, R. & Sheldon, P. (eds), Wellness and Tourism: Mind, Body, Spirit, Place, New York: Cognizant Communication Books. Wellness Tourism: Bibliographic and Webliographic Essay David P. Dillard http://tinyurl.com/p63whl http://tinyurl.com/ou53aw INDOOR GARDENING Improve Your Chances for Indoor Gardening Success http://tech.groups.yahoo.com/group/IndoorGardeningUrban/ http://groups.google.com/group/indoor-gardening-and-urban-gardening SPORT-MED https://www.jiscmail.ac.uk/lists/sport-med.html http://groups.google.com/group/sport-med http://groups.yahoo.com/group/sports-med/ http://listserv.temple.edu/archives/sport-med.html HEALTH DIET FITNESS RECREATION SPORTS TOURISM http://health.groups.yahoo.com/group/healthrecsport/ http://groups.google.com/group/healthrecsport http://healthrecsport.jiglu.com/ http://listserv.temple.edu/archives/health-recreation-sports-tourism.html . . Please Ignore All Links to JIGLU in search results for Net-Gold and related lists. The Net-Gold relationship with JIGLU has been terminated by JIGLU and these are dead links. http://groups.yahoo.com/group/Net-Gold/message/30664 http://health.groups.yahoo.com/group/healthrecsport/message/145 . .