It IS possible to damage files, (although not, I think, the hardware) by shutting down incorrectly, Paul. Basically, the only rule is not to disconnect or turn off an hard drive (or a similar peripheral, such as a camera), while that drive's image is still on your screen. If you want to disconnect or turn it off it for any reason, first drag its icon into the trash, where it will disappear of its own accord Apart from that, anything goes. You can shut down your computer in the normal way while the external drive is attached, and THEN either switch the external off or leave it on, as you like. You can boot your computer with the external connected or unconnected, and either on or off — doesn't matter. If it's off, you can switch it on while it's connected. Just don't do anything that separates it from the computer without giving the computer a chance to say an orderly goodbye. The damage could range from the scrambling of a few files to the vanishing of entire volumes. --- MUGLO information at <http://www.freewebs.com/muglo> Manage your account options at <//www.freelists.org/cgi-bin/lsg2.cgi>