Oddly, Eric fails to address my rather detailed refutation of his claim that somehow Chirac and/or the UN's financial finagling had "set the stage" for the US invasion of Iraq. I guess he must have forgotten. The single fact that renders all Eric's considerations is, of course, that the US invasion was not about Sadaam, not about any real or alleged misdeeds on his part, and certainly not about Sadaam's (non-existent) ties to al-Qaeda and/or his (non-existent) WMD's. It was about the fact that Bush had decided to invade Iraq for his own private benefit, well before 9/11. The "grounds" for the invasion were invented later, by browbeating the US Intelligence services until they found something vaguely resembling evidence, evidence which was then doctored by the Roves and Wolfowitzes in the Bush camp until it bore only the slightest resemblance to actual fact. Here's yet another piece that confirms this view : http://www.gnn.tv/articles/article.php?id=761 Two years before 9/11, candidate Bush was already talking privately about attacking Iraq, according to his former ghost writer Houston: Two years before the September 11 attacks, presidential candidate George W. Bush was already talking privately about the political benefits of attacking Iraq, according to his former ghost writer, who held many conversations with then-Texas Governor Bush in preparation for a planned autobiography. ?He was thinking about invading Iraq in 1999,? said author and journalist Mickey Herskowitz. ?It was on his mind. He said to me: ?One of the keys to being seen as a great leader is to be seen as a commander-in-chief.? And he said, ?My father had all this political capital built up when he drove the Iraqis out of Kuwait and he wasted it.? He said, ?If I have a chance to invade?.if I had that much capital, I?m not going to waste it. I?m going to get everything passed that I want to get passed and I?m going to have a successful presidency.? Michael Chase (goya@xxxxxxxxxxx) CNRS UPR 76 7, rue Guy Moquet Villejuif 94801 France ------------------------------------------------------------------ To change your Lit-Ideas settings (subscribe/unsub, vacation on/off, digest on/off), visit www.andreas.com/faq-lit-ideas.html