Diane Ravitch... and her book ("The > Language Police")... explains the process of selecting textbooks and examination > questions for American public schools. Dear Mo, As long as you're confessing to having attended a Cato function, I'll come clean with my part of this textbookery: I once worked for one of the bigger textbook companies, in the 1990s, in Language Arts, yet. Not only did I edit rubbish, I wrote some of it--and a slew of "tests" for both the student and teacher editions, grades 6-12. Although I don't recall having written anything about performing fleas, doing so would have brightened my days considerably. Btw, nobody really supervised my work. Ever. I doubt if anyone even read the stuff--except to check that it didn't contain the no-nos you list--until it was in the students' hands. In short, I could have redefined a noun as a verb and gotten away with it. That was before I encountered a 10th grade "honors" English class, as a guest speaker. The students asked whether I was actually the author of the short story I had assigned. Their textbook contained a biographical note about the author--some obscure person named Virginia Woolf--but not one student had read it (or the story). I broke the news that Virginia Woolf is dead, but I guess they never read that flea circus causality lesson, for they repeated the question. Maybe I wasn't looking my best that day... Carol, sweating in the 80s ------------------------------------------------------------------ To change your Lit-Ideas settings (subscribe/unsub, vacation on/off, digest on/off), visit www.andreas.com/faq-lit-ideas.html