Adriano Palma wrote: As matter of fact anyone who has any (textual? Conceptual?) basis to claim that a noumenon is an “intellectual” construct is welcome to provide such, because I fear there’s none available. From the Critique of Pure Reason: Thinking is the action of relating given intuitions to an object. If the manner of this intuition is not given in any way, then the object is merely transcendental, and the concept of the understanding has none other than a transcendental use, namely the unity of thought of a manifold in general. Now through a pure category, in which abstraction is made from any condition of sensible intuition as the only one that is possible for us, no object is determined, rather only the though of an object in general is expressed in accordance with different modi. (A247/B304) The principles of pure understanding, whether they are a priori constitutive or merely regulative, contain nothing but only the pure schema, as it were, for possible experience; for this has its unity only from the synthetic unity that the understanding originally and from itself imparts to the synthesis of the imagination in relation to apperception, and in relation to and agreement with which the appearances, as data for possible cognition, must already stand a priori. (A237/B296) I call the world as it would be if it were in conformity with all moral laws a moral world. This is conceived thus far merely as an intelligible world, since abstraction is made therein from all conditions and even from all hindrances to morality in it. Thus far it is therefore a mere, yet practical idea, which really can and should have its influence on the sensible world, in order to make it agree as far as possible with this idea. The idea of a moral world thus has objective reality, not as if it pertained to an object of an intelligible intuition, but as pertaining to the sensible world, although as an object of pure reason in its practical use .... (A808/B836) Sincerely, Phil ------------------------------------------------------------------ To change your Lit-Ideas settings (subscribe/unsub, vacation on/off, digest on/off), visit www.andreas.com/faq-lit-ideas.html