Curtius, Vol 2, p. 280: "When the three great preparatory works were successfully completed, and the news of this reached head-quarters, Xerxes gave immediate orders for the commencement of the march from Sardes. The greatest difficulties seemed now to have been removed. But before the march began, bad news arrived which destroyed the joyous confidence prevailing. A sudden tempest had swept the Hellespont, and in a few hours annihilated the bridges constructed with such unspeakable trouble. This news excited an ungovernable rage in the king: he would not hear of anything in the world being able to oppose his plans; in every failure he beheld a criminal act of revolt against his supreme power and a crime to be punished with terrific severity. The engineers who had built the bridges were put to death; and even the elements were to pay the penalty of their perversity. At all events, it was generally reported among the Hellenes that he had caused the Hellespont to be scourged, and chains to be sunk in it, in token of its being among the slaves of the Great King, and obliged to serve him even against its will . . . ." Lawrence From: lit-ideas-bounce@xxxxxxxxxxxxx [mailto:lit-ideas-bounce@xxxxxxxxxxxxx] On Behalf Of Jlsperanza@xxxxxxx Sent: Thursday, November 15, 2007 3:16 PM To: lit-ideas@xxxxxxxxxxxxx Subject: [lit-ideas] Leonidas kai hoi duo hekato nonto nino L. J. Helm: "In 300 Xerxes is presented as an effeminate giant. Curtius in Vol 2, page 273 writes "Xerxes, a man born in the purple, of great personal beauty and innate dignity of demeanor. [to be continued - probably]" -- Do!