Simon Ward wrote: "There was never a sense of legal justification in the piece Eric originally quoted." The conditions of imminent threat plus specific knowledge were in the original piece and quoted again by myself. These conditions are not sufficient legal justification but it is part of that justification. However, what I am referring to in the bit Simon quotes is not the piece Eric quotes but a different article, the link for which I provided. This article is specifically about legal justifications and the concerns one Bush administration official had about those justifications. Also, the article describes an attempt by other Bush officials to destroy any evidence of this legal objection. Simon: "The question was whether it worked. But if it works, then, as Phil, notes, why not make it generally available." The argument of the article I linked to does not address the question of efficacy but rather the constitutionality of the legal justifications for torture. In short, the author argues that the administration's claims regarding the justification for torture extended to the possibility of torturing U.S. citizens, a fact that U.S. courts would find unconstitutional. Simon: "In short, if the notion that something works is the only factor, then the issue becomes one of when it should not be used - in other words what is the dividing line." The author of the article I quoted argued that U.S. courts would reject the torture of U.S. citizens, and that the Bush administration's legal justification of torture did not adequately exclude this possibility. Sincerely, Phil Enns Yogyakarta, Indonesia ------------------------------------------------------------------ To change your Lit-Ideas settings (subscribe/unsub, vacation on/off, digest on/off), visit www.andreas.com/faq-lit-ideas.html