Marlena wrote: "Okay, this analogy is a bit different than that of our guy who needs to work on his grammar (which I probably need to do too--maybe that was why I picked up on it so fast and was able to translate it in my head more easily than either Phil or Robert." The problem is not one of grammar but whether the paragraph makes sense. I noted two problems. First, what is meant by 'faith'? This is crucial since the word is used in every sentence. As far as I can see, none of the 'translations' offered so far have mentioned the word and yet it appears to be central. In the first sentence, we are told that faith alone keeps us whole but the doubting self (?) gives the appearance (?) of being an attack on this faith. Apparently this attack is not only in appearance since in the second sentence we are told that there can result an 'unfaithful self' (how can there be a self without faith if only faith allows for there to be a self?) that is projected onto external objects. The kicker comes in the third sentence. The self, that is not a self because it is an unfaithful self, moves to protect itself, see problem with self, against the infidel who is in actuality one's own faithless self, which can't be a self because it lacks faith. In short, I can make no sense of how the word 'faith' is used here. I can't make sense of faith except in the presence of doubt. That is, to have faith one must also have doubt. Without doubt, one has knowledge, not faith. I can't make sense of how faith alone keeps a self whole, since one has faith in something and therefore the self precedes faith, at least ontologically. I can't make sense of how, assuming that faith alone keeps a self whole, there can be a faithless self. The word 'faith' is used here nonsensically. The second problem I raised is related to the first. Allowing for the purposes of this argument that the idea of projection has some sense, the move to a 'split off and disavowed faithless self' is an abstraction that removes from the notion of a self any meaning it might have. How does one determine that one is or is not dealing with such a self? The idea of a self is already a nebulous abstraction but with 'split off and disavowed faithless self' we are talking about an abstraction that is so great, I don't see how it can be meaningful. As a theoretical construction it may have some sense, but we are led to believe that there really can be such a self, and that tragic consequences follow from such a self, and that can only be nonsense. All of the 'translations' of this paragraph have been terrible insofar as they pick and choose what will be translated. What I would like is a line by line translation that includes a translation, not mere repetition, of the word 'faith' as well as 'split off and disavowed faithless self'. Finally, regarding unconscious motivations, yes I do think this is nonsense. With Robert Paul I would say that there is a great deal going on in our thinking and acting of which we are not aware. That one could produce a taxonomy of what is going on strikes me as being patent nonsense. If it goes on without our being aware, how does one step aside or look around in order to see what is going on? Sincerely, Phil Enns Toronto, ON ------------------------------------------------------------------ To change your Lit-Ideas settings (subscribe/unsub, vacation on/off, digest on/off), visit www.andreas.com/faq-lit-ideas.html