I want to thank Richard Henninge for his most recent post. If one is going to be wrong, do it with style. And Richard's post has style. Richard writes: "This is more a 'will to power' than a use of Phil Enns's personal individual reason to move a moral claim such as 'don't steal' from a personal maxim to live by to a universal maxim for people around the world to live by." The principle of universalizability imposes a maxim, not universal, only on those who employ it. It seems Richard is a bit unclear on this point since he suggested earlier that I was multiplying transcendentals. The moral transcendental is singular 'Obey!', and it addresses each of us as rational agents. A moral maxim cannot be imposed by one person on another. So, while I liked that 'will to power' reference, it is mistaken. Richard again: "That is why it is a humorous case of the pot calling the kettle black when he catches people like Wittgenstein 'making transcendental claims.'" Richard is again confused. It was Walter O. who was going on about Wittgenstein and transcendental claims. Though, both Walter and I have facial hair, so perhaps the confusion is understandable. Richard: "Phil is exasperatingly a master of weasel words." Thank you. One likes to think that at some point in one's life one will be a master of something. I always feel bad for lawyers, practicing all the time. (Yeah, I know, a bad joke but Geary's jokes in that other thread were more lame.) Richard offers the following challenge: "Sure, that's what _you_ think about _this_ particularity, but how do you get from that, _that_, to universally applicable?" You only make the way to universalizability longer by burying your starting point in the ditch of your underscored individual particularity.)" Again, we see Richard's confusion of universalizability with imposing moral maxims on everyone. Perhaps Richard's analogy to National Socialism is leading him to see Nazis behind every tree, but the principle of universalizability is not an attempt to impose authoritarian maxims on others but rather to make rational one's own moral decision-making process. Because the moral imperative addresses each individual with the command 'Obey', it must necessarily start in the 'ditch' of one's own individual particularity. The principle of universalizability allows for the possibility of, not abandoning that particularity, but making it more, making it rational. And I am sure Richard would not disagree with me in saying that rationality has an important role in moral life. Richard wrote: "He upholsters the cradle in which he takes his dogmatic slumbers with the softest of weasel fur, say in that double negative used to say (and at the same time obscure the saying) that the force (=power) of his *assertion* (my emphasis) is _his and his fellows'_ (the context of the speakers is not defined exactly) seeing that a particular action is wrong, well, actually, in the first level of fogging, that they can't see it as not wrong." I haven't a clue what this sentence means, but damn, that is a great sentence. And another sentence: "But. . . what is to exclude the possibility that Phil and his fellows are speaking from the inside of the equivalent of the Nazi Deutschland described in my post?" Wow, how often does one find oneself compared to the Nazis? And as master of weasel words, I really like that 'what is to exclude the possibility that..." bit. Very nice, Richard. My only criticism would be that the Nazi references, while scoring big rhetorical points, really do get in the way of the argument you are making. I imagine myself in a SS uniform at the trial but then wonder, oh yeah, what was Richard's point? Then Richard asks: "So is my objection still 'off target'?" Yup. Sorry. But you get high points for style. Sincerely, ok, not really, Phil Enns Yogyakarta, Indonesia p.s. Richard, you might want to check the time settings on your computer. ------------------------------------------------------------------ To change your Lit-Ideas settings (subscribe/unsub, vacation on/off, digest on/off), visit www.andreas.com/faq-lit-ideas.html