In a message dated 9/1/2010 9:31:33 A.M., phil.enns@xxxxxxxxx writes: I am not trying to minimize the terror and destruction groups like al Qaeda could inflict on countries like the U.S., but I think it is also necessary to keep in mind that these groups are not omnipotent, able to wipe out entire countries. Terrorism can cause great suffering and damage, but it is also a very blunt weapon that can only achieve very limited results. It is possible to attribute to terrorists attributes which they cannot possess. ----- Similarly, "There'll always be an England". This is a rather robust song that was composed by a very British couple of composers at a time when most "British" songs came from the US (including the 'infamous' "White cliffs of Dover" -- there'll never be BLUEBIRDS in England). The lyrics go by Parker and Charles, below. 1. There'll always be an England -- is 'analytic'. It is NOT like a future contingent by Aristotle, "Tomorrow there will be a naval battle". ----- Why? Because "England" has a spiritual denotatum -- something Frege and most materialists could never understood! --- VERSE: "I give you a toast, ladies and gentlemen. I give you a toast, ladies and gentlemen. May this fair dear land we love so well In dignity and freedom dwell." "Though worlds may change and go awry While there is still one voice to cry" "THERE'LL ALWAYS BE AN ENGLAND ----- While there's a country lane -- Wherever there's a cottage small Beside a field of grain." "THERE'LL ALWAYS BE AN ENGLAND -- While there's a busy street, Wherever there's a turning wheel, A million marching feet." "Red, white and blue; what does it mean to you? Surely you're proud, shout it aloud, "Britons, awake!" "The Empire too, we can depend on you." "Freedom remains. These are the chains Nothing can break!" "THERE'LL ALWAYS BE AN ENGLAND, And England SHALL be free If England means as much to you As England means to me." ----- Charles and Parker then turn a 'conditional' into an analytic claim: "There'll always be an England". ------- Cfr. "There'll always be an ----" E.g. "There'll always be a ---- lamp post here" ------ "No, it was taken away in 1973." ---- "There'll always be the Coliseum, in Rome" ----- "There'll always be the Eiffel Tower in Paris". ---- In these cases, one may want to challenge the claims, as analytic. Note that the lyrics feature both "will" (which is predictive, and INTENTIONAL) with 'shall' which has a different force, especially in the third person we are interested in "England shall be free" "There'll" is ambiguous enough in that we don't know if it means: "There will always be" or "There shall always be" ----- the truth conditions being different. One is more a matter of 'desire': Cfr. "I will but I shan't" "I shall but I won't". ----- And so on. Speranza----Bordighera ------------------------------------------------------------------ To change your Lit-Ideas settings (subscribe/unsub, vacation on/off, digest on/off), visit www.andreas.com/faq-lit-ideas.html