I read from "Archilochus' Message Stick", _http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0009-8388%281988%292%3A38%3A1%3C42%3AAM%3E2. 0.CO%3B2-S&size=SMALL&origin=JSTOR-reducePage_ (http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0009-8388(1988)2:38:1<42:AM>2.0.CO;2-S&size=SMALL&origin=JSTOR-reducePage) "epeo tin humin ainon o kerukide akhnumeme skutale" (Archilochus). "skutale punax deltos ethos de laikeidaimoinis khrestai skutale anti ton grammateion" --- So obviously it was _against_ 'gramma', which was a variant of "graphos", written word. This Archilochus was a master of the 'skutale'. ************************************** See what's new at http://www.aol.com