I beg to differ with Robert Paul on necessicity of existence of pain or evil. In physics there is no such thing as cold, only lack of heat. Or at least that is what I keep telling myself waiting for the winter to break (it's -15C outside right now.) Similarily, hunger is abcense of food. The point I am trying to make is that feeling of something and cause of something are not necessarily the same. Pain, physical pain at least, is in someways an abnormality. If I get a cut on my finger, it is the result of my body being damaged and the pain will cease once the cut heals, that is gets back to normal condition. To say that evil is lack of goodness is a statement on cause of evil, not on how it feels. To take this further, we could also say that good and evil are not two things but one thing, and when the thing is present we call it good and when abcent evil. As a way of using words, that something when present is called one thing and when abcent other is not that uncommon. For example night and day (abcence/precence of daylight), or peace and war (armed conflict). Cheers, Teemu Helsinki, Finland __________________________________________________ Do You Yahoo!? Tired of spam? Yahoo! Mail has the best spam protection around http://mail.yahoo.com ------------------------------------------------------------------ To change your Lit-Ideas settings (subscribe/unsub, vacation on/off, digest on/off), visit www.andreas.com/faq-lit-ideas.html