In a message dated 6/2/2004 5:19:00 PM Eastern Standard Time, phatic@xxxxxxxxxx writes: is not recognized as a violent and aggressive > activity unlike football, the writer does not appreciate it as a sport." I was reading David Frost and Antony Jay's, on this -- in "The English" (New York: Stein and Day): "The English invented sport. It is true that the Greeks had athletic tournaments, the medieval Europeans had jousts and tourneys, that the nobility all around the world have always found jolly ways of killing wild animals, and that Scotsmen have been throwing telegraph poles at each other since the dawn of time. Nevertheless, the concept of sport as organized open air competition of an essentially useless nature is an English one, and a recent English one at that. The word 'sport' as we now use it did not occur until 1864 -- the idea is essentially Victorian. In particular the aura of decency and fair play and leisurely activity is Victorian, and the word sportsman as a term of praise is first recorded in 1893. The whole concept is so alien to other nations that the French, for example, have had to swipe the actual word from us (_Le sport_), since they cannot even translate it." (p. 230). Cheers, JL ------------------------------------------------------------------ To change your Lit-Ideas settings (subscribe/unsub, vacation on/off, digest on/off), visit www.andreas.com/faq-lit-ideas.html