In a message dated 11/9/2004 11:14:59 PM Eastern Standard Time, Robert.Paul@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx writes: One might think that there was an analogy here between 'false memories' and false beliefs (which are even easier to create). Yet although a false belief is a real belief which happens to be false, a so-called false memory is not a real memory which just happens not to be a memory of anything that really happened: it is not a memory at all. If we distinguish between remembering that and remembering how (similar to the knowing that/knowing how distinction), both memories and 'false memories' fall under remembering that. So, one might argue that if a memory has as its object some event in the past, 'false memories' are not memories for they have by definition no such object. With knowing how it is different, as Aristotle would say. Point taken. It should be false 'memories' (with 'memories' in scare quotes), which are, as Amago notes, 'beliefs' (and false ones at that). In a way it's like (I think it was philosopher J. L. Cohen) used to say about flowers. A plastic flower is _not_ a flower. With other things, this transformation does not do (and 'a plastic x _is_ an x'). Geary should be able to provide more conjectures and refutations, as Popper would call them. Cheers, JL ------------------------------------------------------------------ To change your Lit-Ideas settings (subscribe/unsub, vacation on/off, digest on/off), visit www.andreas.com/faq-lit-ideas.html