"It gets tedious trying to tell a customer why his compressor shorted to ground when he doesn't know what a compressor is or does or what shorted means." ---- Thanks L. K. Helm. But wait, I don't mean to offend Geary. Philosophers are worse! ---- In any case, (i) I didn't get the explanation of the little screwdriver, but I'll re-read it More importantly, rereading Geary's post (above) one notices the philosophical *why* -- which, as Piaget has explained to us, is constitutive of the developmental process of truth-functional logic. Geary had written: "It [does] get[...] [very] tedious [to] try[...] to tell a customer _why_ [my emphasis. JLS] his compressor shorted to ground when he [or worse, she. JLS] doesn't know what a compressor is or does [important distinction here, ontological versus teleo-functional] or what shorted means [more like a semantics question]." Indeed, I am reminded of how brilliantly I got my A+ in Ethics, when I recited R. M. Hare's paper in the Philippa Foot collection, along with Geach's reply. [It was, alas, a Spanish version --]. In any case Geach and Hare are discussing words ending in -or, like compressor, etc. Geach's, or I think Hare's, point is that (1) This is a good compressor. is something that we _can_ understand _even_ if (2) Utterer does not know what a compressor is or does. So that would leave Geary with less tiredeness. For the 'customer' (or 'person' as I prefer) need _not_ know what a compressor is to realise that the one she has is "no longer good". Now, with 'shorted [to ground], I would also appeal to the innateness hypothesis in Chomsky, and say that 'to short to ground' is to 'diminish in size, in a compressory sort of way. The thing is, Geary comes out as somewhat irreverent by comparing his technical problems in _justifying_ a 'why' question that I believe is _not_ motivated for the Thalesian purity of learning who Physis works, but more as a justification for, to echo Walter, some propreptic action (on the part of the customer). Cheers, JL Buenos Aires, Argentina **************************************Check out AOL's list of 2007's hottest products. (http://money.aol.com/special/hot-products-2007?NCID=aoltop00030000000001)