"Since pacifism, surrender, and "better red than dead," are all derived from modern negative philosophies and are now considered the norm such that if you don't accept them you are clearly brainwashed, we should pause here" Can you believe that 'brainwashing' is an Americanism? Here below the quotes. I am trying to reconcile the concept with the Classical tradition. In Diog. Laertius we see Aristotle being described as "the empty witted" (Loeb, vol 1, p. 455). I check with the Greek and it's "kenophron" -- R. Paul thinks that 'phron' has nothing to do with 'brain', but what can the 'phron' be empty (kenon) otherwise. So what we want is Greek for 'clean-phron'. Will find out. The Brainwashed sounds like Part II of a Trilogy by E. O'Neill. Cheers, JL 1950 E. HUNTER in New Leader 7 Oct. 7/2 ‘Brain-reform’ is the objective, popularly referred to as ‘brain-washing’. 1952 Times 26 May 41/1 Ai Tze-chi was Red China's chief indoctrinator or, as he was generally called, Brainwasher No 1. 1953 Manch. Guardian Weekly 21 May 15 You refer to brainwashing. You feel..that you have been brow~beaten? 1953 Sat. Even. Post 31 Oct. 10/1 The anticommunist soldiers..may be blackmailed or brain-washed or third-degreed. 1955 Times 10 June 7/4 Snake-charmers..have so far failed in their attempts to brain-wash the serpents. 1955 Harper's Mag. July 16 On this On thisand <NOBRthe Texans have brain-washed themselves so thoroughly [etc.]. 1955 Times 31 Aug. 8/5 Realistic ‘brain~washing’ procedures for those who are ‘captured’. 1957 D. J. ENRIGHT Apothecary's Shop 225 (title) The Brain-Washed Muse. Some Second Thoughts on Tradition. 1968 M. WOODHOUSE Rock Baby viii. 83 There was something attractive, in an off-beat, screwy sort of way, about the idea of psycho-analysing a brain-washed robot. ************************************** See what's new at http://www.aol.com