More monocausal (and indeed monocasual)explanation LH> We didn't create the Militant Islamic attacks against us. They LH> were not inspired by anything the US had done. They were LH> inspired by an Islamic ideology which is aggressive and tyrannical. First, at least you didn't say "caused" by an ideology. Second, but if you don't say that, if you opt for "inspired", you can't rule out US/UK foreign policy, and other factors, being "inspirations" for the attacks. Much evidence for their being a primary factor is contained in the work of Richard Pape (cited and quoted on this list). "Ideologies" are just that. Systems of ideas. Why do some people adopt them? Why do some born into them, renounce them and even rebel against them? (More if required... but it may take the form of a Sociology of Revolution bibliography.) LH>The best estimate, in fact the only estimate, I have seen is LH> that 30% of the Arabs (not all of Islam -- just the Arabs) LH>are Militant Islamist Well at least you now acknowledge that not all Muslims are Arab (and not all Arabs, Muslim). But, have you a cite for your "best estimate"? LH>I have over the years spent an enormous amount of time LH>in and around Leftism so I am very familiar with its tenets I think you mean that some decades ago, you knew some US Old Leftists. On that basis, you've constructed oddities. Judy Evans, Cardiff, UK