EY> *Ten percent* of the Spanish-speaking population of the USA do not EY> speak English at all, according to the Census stats. -EY Eric I don't know what to say about this. I suppose I'd want to know how many of them were a) recent immigrants b) very young c) older, weren't educated in the US. EY> [* A linquistically isolated household is one in which no member 14 EY> years old and over (1) speaks only English or (2) speaks a EY> non-English language and speaks English "very well." In other words, EY> all members 14 years old and over have at least some difficulty with EY> English.] that may tend to "linguistic isolation" (though why the criterion's "very well" not "well", I don't know), but doesn't really, alone, explain social isolation. -- and I still don't see why they're "parasites/parasitic". The people who own and run several of my neighbourhood shops speak English either "well" or "not well" (and some of them chat away in Bengali or Urdu -- or lesser known related languages) but are not in any way "parasitic". Some junior doctors at the teaching hospital here come from families like that -- one has a mother who speaks almost no English, I know that because I met her mother -- and the devout female Muslim ones wear a variant of religious Muslim dress (the one that reads "just add a black scarf"!): "parasitic" my arse (OK, young women like that would make the family one that isn't linguistically isolated; and I do now realise that Spanish-language schools are seen as a problem there in a way that Welsh-language schools are not here; but then I imagine Spanish-language schools are not great places to go if you want to be socially mobile) Judy -- mailto:judithevans001@xxxxxxxxxxxxxx ------------------------------------------------------------------ To change your Lit-Ideas settings (subscribe/unsub, vacation on/off, digest on/off), visit www.andreas.com/faq-lit-ideas.html