John McCreery wrote: "A careful reader of even just the bits of Langer I've provided will note that when Langer says "modern philosophers," she seems to have in mind primarily her contemporaries, the people she met at professional meetings, whose writings she encountered in the professional journals about which she writes so scathingly." But for philosophers, 'modern philosophers' is a technical expression, referring to particular philosophers during a particular time period. And this usage was established well before Langer was writing. If Langer meant her contemporaries, then she was being remarkably sloppy. Yet, her argument was that philosophy ought to have the precision found in history. So we have someone arguing that philosophers ought to have the methodological discipline found in historians, yet, on John's account, using philosophical terms in an undisciplined fashion. This doesn't inspire me to read anything of Langer's. John again: "Ambiguity remains; but the image and the setting are relatively concrete and the ambiquity about just who, precisely, she was talking about when she wrote "modern philosophers" is a fairly straightforward historical question." Virtually all university-trained philosophers will tell you that 'modern philosophers' most likely includes Descartes, maybe even Bacon, and probably runs up to at least the end of the 19th century. Virtually no university-trained philosopher would agree that who is to be included as a 'modern philosopher' is a 'fairly straightforward historical question'. The reason for this is that the term 'modern', in philosophy, refers not primarily to a historical period but to ... well, here the debate begins. Is it a methodology? A set of assumptions? Hence the debate around the expression 'post-modern philosophers'. Again, if Langer takes 'modern philosophers' to be those she rubs shoulders with, then she isn't using the expression as most philosophers use it. John continues: "The 'serious' in 'serious philosophers' is a different sort of adjective entirely. It expresses a dismissive attitude toward philosophers regarded by the writer as non-serious." I didn't take it that way at all. I took the term to be one that distinguishes people who are occupied by philosophy, where occupied is not just occupation, from those who engage in philosophical thought occasionally. One might also distinguish between serious hockey players and beer league players. Or serious writers from email-list contributors. On this reading of 'serious', it has the same purpose as 'modern', namely, to distinguish in very general terms. John concludes: "We might get serious about the meaning of "serious," but this is a challenge which neither Phil or Walter has accepted." No one else accepted the 'challenge' so I wonder what John takes to be the significance of the silence? That John singles out Walter and myself is, on the otherhand, significant. Sincerely, Phil Enns Glen Haven, NS ------------------------------------------------------------------ To change your Lit-Ideas settings (subscribe/unsub, vacation on/off, digest on/off), visit www.andreas.com/faq-lit-ideas.html